Teen Pregnancy Solution free essay sample

Abstract In society today the world should focus more on teaching the prevention of teenagers having sexual relations at such an early stage in their lives. This paper will argue different ways to prevent teens from having sex that can and will lead to pregnancy. Teenage Pregnancy Solution Teenage pregnancy is a major issue in the United States and has been for some time. Some people say that it is society’s fault however it is the teenager’s decision and choice to have unprotected sex in the first place. There are a few things that society could do to prevent them from making the wrong choice to begin with. Teenage pregnancy could be controlled by making birth control more readily available, people setting good examples for young men and women, and the media to not have such an effect on the decisions being made. The reduction of teen birth rates is centered on education and is of utmost importance with some teens today. We will write a custom essay sample on Teen Pregnancy Solution or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There are many different forms of birth control that are available to the young teens today but are not spoken of. Most of the school systems only provide and speak to the teenagers about condoms. A condom can easily break or be defective, and we know that leads to â€Å"pregnancy†. A condom should also be used along with another form of birth control to prevent diseases from spreading. If the schools were to promote and discuss other forms of birth control such as the pill, the shot, the patch or even the implant that is available in today’s society and make them cheaper if not even free to most teenagers then that would make for the teen birth rate to be significantly lower. Teens are in their developmental stage at this point in their lives and are in desperate need for positive role models. Without having a positive outlook and speaking to your children about sex and the chances of getting pregnant, then they will presume it is okay. By showing your child love, affection, and lots of attention it will lessen the chances of them wanting to explore their sexuality. They will feel less pressured by the negative people around them, letting them know how important their education is and providing answers to all their questions will help them through this stage in their life. The media also plays a major role in influencing the teenagers today that having sex as a teenager is acceptable. There are many shows aired on television today like â€Å"Sixteen and Pregnant† and â€Å"Teen Moms† making it seem like a normal everyday thing and that it is okay to have a baby at such a young age. There is also the commercials, movies, and music videos that exploit sexual behavior and conduct. If they were not aired it would make for a lower rate of teen pregnancy. In conclusion the school systems should rethink their approach on expanding the teaching methods of sex education by going over not only the prevention but also what unprotected sex usually leads to. And with the parents and or guardians of the teenagers today being more involved in their everyday activities and guiding them through this important developmental stage of life would lower the rate of teenage pregnancy in society today, along with the media not advertising, airing shows, movies, commercials and music videos towards teens having sex can significantly lower the number of teens given birth.

Challenges for universal human rights

Introduction A fair number of countries around the world have been criticised for poor human rights implementation. It is essential to study them and determine why these nations have not embraced universal human principles because behind every observation is an underlying ideological or philosophical premise. At this point, one must recognise that there are two divergent ideas that exist in this matter; universalism and relativism (Freeman, 2002).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges for universal human rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Critics often argue that universal human rights contravene multicultural societies and should therefore be abandoned. However, proponents of universalism argue that humans need to constantly understand each other and also need to seek for ways of improving themselves. To abandon the very notion of universal human rights would be to accept the status quo. These diverse notions have therefore complicated the human rights agenda and need to be critically analysed. Women’s rights and circumcision The issue of female rights as analysed through female genital mutilation (FGM) in various parts of the world provides a unique platform for understanding how challenging universalism of human rights can be. Many societies in Africa and the Middle East engage in this practice; which is a fact that has generated a lot of debate around the issue. Proponents of this practice base their standpoints on three major grounds. They assert that it suppresses sexuality in women thus propagating monogamy. Conversely, it can be understood as a distinct representation of one’s cultural identity. Most individuals who hold this view are actually women who are expected to or who have gone through the practice themselves. Girls in these societies are socialised to respect marriage, so female genital mutilation becomes an important precursor to eligibility for mar riage. These women cannot be opposed to the act because if they choose to do, they may be alienated and condemned to a life of loneliness. Circumcision is a platform for identification with one’s community or kinsmen. Other supporters of the practice think of it as a symbol of beauty. The clitoris is perceived as a masculine trait so its removal would reinforce their femininity (Abusharaf, 2001). On the other hand, this practice puts its participants at serious risk of infections, infertility or even tetanus. Those who do it for religious purposes may not find support for it in their holy books such as the Quran. Female genital mutilation can also lead to painful sexual relations, death and very difficult (if not fatal) childbirths. All these effects makes it a seemingly vicious and even torturous act. It is no wonder that the United Nations considers FGM a violation of female rights (More, 2006). Such human rights groups have sought to repress or wipe out the practice altoge ther (Shute Hurley, 1993) However, the problem is that making it illegal does not necessarily make it go away.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Affected communities still need other ways of enforcing respect, femininity, social status and the like and unless the latter matters are addressed then it is likely that the custom will carry on. This means that such social-cultural concerns deeply come in the way of enforcing universal human rights. Furthermore, issues revolving around cultural continuation may also be another big impediment and these definitely minimise the possibility of eradication of such a practise. Northern versus Southern discourse Sometimes what some have categorised as a universal framework of rights may actually be a perpetuation of western hegemonic beliefs. Usually, poor countries perceive ideas from the North as a mild form of colonisation because little consideration has been given to these country’s perceptions of human rights. In fact, quite a lot of human rights assumptions are founded on an individualist notion of society. However, poorer countries often give precedence to collectivism. Their respect for group rights is normally marginalised over other individualistic concerns. (Pollis, 2006) In situations where advocates from the North are working from the South, it is common for the former to automatically assume that the latter are victims and in need of rescuing. Human rights defendants from the United States and other similar countries frequently stereotype most human rights issues in poor or developing nations by classifying them as ‘barbaric’ and in need of serious eradication (Merry, 2002). Taking on such superior stances actually comes in the way of instating true reforms. This is because prescriptive approaches never work as well as descriptive ones (Sikkink Keck, 1998). Since most emphasis has gone to transference of ideas without necessary advocating for dialogue then universality of human rights may still be a farfetched reality. Communality over universality-the case for Asia Several Asian leaders such as Lee Yew of Singapore have asserted that Asians tend to give a lot of precedence to prosperity and social stability. In such conditions, these societies may demonstrate loyalty to their authorities over personal benefits. These leaders tend to look at interpretations of human rights in the West as distinct to their economic and social backgrounds. (Freeman, 2002b). Furthermore, they believe that state interventions may sometimes be necessary in order to get these nations to where they need to be in terms of economic growth. However, one can see that authoritarian governments can take advantage of such premises to protect their oppressive rules (Glendon, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Challenges for universal human rights specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In fact, other Asian advocates have asserted that communality in Asia needs not be regarded as incompatible with universal human rights. In fact, they assert that to claim that their cultures are incompatible with rights and freedoms of others is actually taking on a racist premise (Malcontent Thakur, 2004). The distressing fact is that certain citizens in these said nations may fall victim to extensions of these state’s laws. Those governments may argue that as long as their citizens get access to basic human needs like food then the other issues (including human rights) can be covered by the state. (Jones, 1994). To this end, arguments for sovereignty, national security and the like will take primacy over proper treatment of these individuals. Advocates of the universality of human rights may therefore need to overcome such authoritarian governments in order to ensure every single human being is treated equitably. Philosophical challenges In order for societies to think of human rights universally, there must be an agreement on the philosophical basis for human rights yet this is still yet to occur. First of all, existence of universal human rights implies an endorsement of moral truths. However, not all philosophers back this kind of premise. Most happen to fall within the moral relativist school of thought. These adherents affirm that all societies are characterised by a wide array of cultures and hence beliefs or principles. Consequently, any concerns about human rights need to be made context specific so as to fully address the diverse array of believes. It is as though relativists are arguing that certain human rights can be foregone if the situation in one’s culture demanded. In this regard, moral relativism appears to be incompatible with universal human rights. As long as there exists such extreme opposition to universalism, then possibilities for the latter’s instatement are rather slim. These discourses need to be addressed in order for the latter movement to move ahead. Secondly, some critics have opposed the assumption that human rights can be regarded as moral rights on the basis of the subjective nature of morals. Since moral beliefs are created on the basis of some of the underlying subjective beliefs, then it would be unfair to try and impose one’s moral accord upon the lives of others. In this regard, the latter critics hold that universal human rights rest on the premise that there is an a priori rational moral principle where all other doctrines emerge. In deed the rationality of human rights itself can be contested.Advertising Looking for essay on international relations? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The sentimentality inherent in it cannot be ignored because most of these beliefs are actually motivated by the need to sympathise with others (Braithwaite, 1999). It is indeed difficult to set these concerns aside as they attest to the appeals behind human rights hence universal human rights for that matter. These philosophical arguments indicate that there is yet to be a morally compelling explanation for universal human rights amongst various parties thus illustrating why there are still problems in implementation. Cultural relativist concerns In order for universal human rights to triumph, then objectives by cultural relativists need to be looked at and accommodated. Holders of the latter believe that enacting a universal set of human rights would be ignoring the empirical differences inherent in human society (Tilley, 2000). There are practices and norms that fundamentally alter human rights issues. Relativists claim that political variables, cultural variables, desires and pre ferences are all essential influencers of human rights. In this regard, certain communities define their identities based on their families or their kinship ties. Therefore, these communities may find it very hard to conceptualise individual autonomy. Family worth is more important than self worth in African societies. Other Native American tribes tend to think of non tribal members as less than human (based on myths and stories of origin) and this affects their perceptions of the latter. Cultural relativists therefore tend to look at universal human rights as parties working towards dominance and imposition of their values upon others. By its very nature, cultural relativisms cannot co exist with universal concepts because it places a lot of emphasis on the need to acknowledge and hence respect diverse customs and beliefs. These differences are actually what make the world as we know it very interesting and unique. Trying to instate universal human rights would therefore be seen as a method of homogenising the world. Once again, the hegemonic concept creeps in here. Most cultural relativists say that poor countries have been oppressed from time in immemorial. In the past, these societies utilised their resources to do so (as the case is in colonialism), however, modern forms of domination are founded on cultural precepts. Universal human rights may therefore be opposed based on these grounds. (Pollis, 2002) Conclusion At the very basic level, most challenges for universal human rights are actually derived from the relativist-universalist debate. The best way of overcoming these barriers would therefore be to first acknowledge cultural diversity and then work out solutions to incorporate them into perceptions and conceptions of human rights. There is a need for tolerance in pursing these interests but most importantly, a revision of traditional understandings of human rights will need to be considered. These reconstructions could possibly put to rest arguments like western hegemonic domination and the northern –s southern discourses. References More, E. (2006). The universal declaration of human rights in today’s world. International communications journal, 11(2), 65 Abusharaf, R. (2001). Virtuous cuts, FGM in African ontology. Feminist cultural studies, 12(1), 112-140 Tilley, J. (2000). Cultural relativism. Human rights Quarterly, 22(2), 501 Merry, S. (2002). Religion, rights and community-domestic violence on the global context. Law and society review, 35(1), 39-44 Braithwaite, J. (1999). A future where punishment has been marginalised- utopian or realistic. UCLA law review, 46, 1827 Sikkink, K., Keck, M. (1998). Activists beyond borders: advocacy networks in international politics. NY: Cornell Press Freeman, M. (2002). Human rights – an interdisciplinary approach. NY: Wiley and Sons Glendon, M. (2004). Rule of law in universal human rights declarations. International human rights. North-western university journal , 2(5), 34 Malcontent. P. Thakur, R. (2004).Sovereign impunity to international accountability. NY: UN University Press Shute, S. Hurley, S. (1993). Human rights – oxford amnesty lectures. NY: Basic books Jones, P. (1994). Rights. Basingstoke? Mcmillan publishers Pollis, A. (1996). Cultural relativism revisited – through a state prism. Human rights quarterly, 18(2), 316-344 Donnelly, J. (1999). Human rights Asian values: a defence of western universalism. Cambridge: CUP Baehr, P. (1999). Human rights: universality in practise. Basingstoke: McMIllan An Naim, A. (1999). The cultural mediation of human rights. Cambridge: Cambridge University press Ignatieff, M. (1999). Human rights- the midlife crisis, New York Review, 20 May United Nations (1993). Vienna declaration of human rights. UN document. A/ Conf 157/23, 12th July Pollis, A. Schwab, P. (1982). Towards a human rights framework. NY: Praeger publishers Freeman, M. (2002b). Universality, diversity and difference: culture and human rights. Cambridge: Blackwell Pollis, A. (2002). A New Universalism, in Pollis and Schwab (eds.), Human Rights: New Perspectives, New Realities, Boulder, CO. : Rienner publishers This essay on Challenges for universal human rights was written and submitted by user Emmy H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Permanent Midnight Response essays

Permanent Midnight Response essays Response Paper to Permanent Midnight. This movie starts off with Jerry and Kitty in bed. They apparently met in rehab. Kitty seems very interested in Jerrys life and how it he has gotten to where he is now. Not much is said about her life throughout the movie. Jerry starts off with telling Kitty he moved to L.A. to get away from drugs. He later married a friends friend so she could get a green card. Slowly the woman he married starts liking him. But he seems like hes not interested. She asks him to stay one night and he makes up an excuse to leave. Then she asks him to move in since they are married and all and he passes again. In the meantime, he is getting worse and worse on drugs. He cant afford them so he begins to steal them from his friend Nicky. While at Nickys one day, Jerrys sister calls to tell him his mother has died. He flies home and cleans up her blood. Then just flies back to L.A. I dont understand this part. When he got back to L.A. he went to a bar. At the bar his show was on and he heard a lady tell the bartender to turn it off because it was bad. This intrigued him. He then approaches her. They ended up having sex, then he found out she had a husband. They also do drugs together to make the sex better. I think he approached this woman because she didnt like his show and he felt he didnt have to be perfect around her as he felt around everyone else. He then goes back to Sandras house and asks if he can stay there. Thats when he moves in with her. I think he begins to feel lonely. The movie then switches back to the girl in the motel room. She is freaked out that he would have sex with one girl, then go home to his wife. She begins to leave, but he tells her he doesnt want her too. He admits he doesnt even know her name. I think he begins to realize that he has feel...

The Common Perception of Juvenile Offenders Essay

The Common Perception of Juvenile Offenders - Essay Example The Certain reason for it cannot be distinguished strictly. Presumably such behavior is encouraged with the stereotypes, common for police and jurors and is rooted in the past where the slavery and beliefs of blacks being not as clever as whites and much more aggressive were wide-spread. Mass-media is also likely to influence such point of view, describing the evil nature of Black juvenile offenders and the misguided yet still innocent nature of White juvenile offenders ». Thus shooting at school committed by a white adolescent would most likely be described as shocking, while same act committed by a black one - as expectable. There are no special explorations of for reasons of juvenile legal discrimination, but similar tests were conducted with adults and resulted in the theory of similarity-leniency, where people tend to show more empathy with ones whom they consider alike to their person. That was not the first experiment of a kind, still it was the first one conducted in order to prove the existence of racial prejudice directed onto coloured juveniles. The confinement of African American juveniles throughout the United States is abnormal. The rate of juvenile confinements for several years has decreased, and thus the predominance of arrests of coloured juveniles has become even more obvious. According to researches, coloured youth commits more crimes and is arrested twice as often as white juveniles. Still, the other reason for such misbalance was also caused by the difference in attitude to black or latin juveniles in comparison to white ones. It is bound not only with the biased attitude but also with the difference in the life circumstances of juveniles that result in stricter sentences. For example under the law of Minnesota, a punishment for trying crack cocaine is four years of confinement, while trying powdered cocaine leads only to probation period.

OPERATIONS management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

OPERATIONS management - Essay Example By extension, adoption of standards in business operations leads to market fragmentation due to the rise of divergent requirements of resources for new products. However, implementation of various standards within an organization may come with challenges and disadvantages in the short run which nonetheless can be overcome in the long run. Research has shown that standards are vital in efficiency promotion especially during operations in manufacturing processes. Standards avail modalities through which processes can be carried out in large quantities without changes. In this regards, there is a reduction in technical errors which routinely occur during production of goods. When standards are put in place, a permanent design and materials necessary for production are specified which rarely change except when the standards are revised. By using the internationally acclaimed standards, organizations are at a vantage point where they can negotiate for favourable deals to boost their profi tability. In the end, contract ambiguities are avoided which often undermine smooth and efficiency running of organizations (Goldenhar and Schulte, 1994, 770). According to Aitken, Chaudhry, Boxall and Hull (1999, 190), conformation to accepted standards provides a means through conveyance of complex information with regards to a product is done. There are enormous challenges to organisations on how to inform the public about the suitability of their products. This is because some methods of manufacturing are widely used to produce products that are complex and hard to explain to the public. However, with standardised mode of operation and conformance, a shorthand mode of communication can be developed based on standards specifications. The standards even come with simplified ways and information on how different operations are carried out without including the highly technical details. In this regard, there is a common language which is easily understood by both designers and consu mers of different products. Reliability of the way operations are carried out within area of manufacturing is increased due to rationalisation and consistency of processes. When standards are put in place, mass production becomes easy because goods are produced within an accepted set standard which eliminates the need for constant check of quality. Therefore, many costly processes are eliminated such as inventory control and quality assurance processes which dig in the profitability of an organisation. In addition, training of workers to participate in the use of standardised procedures is efficient since the amount of time spent is little. In the end, there is streamlining of operations which results in production of goods and services that are internationally accepted (Nicholson, 2004, 147). Standards are very important to the management team of an organization since they help it in entrenching the culture of operational excellence. Operational excellence is vital for an organisat ion to realize its set targets and objectives efficiently without using many resources. Every organisation has its set business operations which must be conformed to acceptable standards within its sphere of operation. As such, business operation processes are important tools through which an organisation can achieve sustainable competitive advantage over other competing firms. In order to attain a sustainable

Analyse the suns newspaper leading article Essay Example for Free

Analyse the suns newspaper leading article Essay The Sun is a tabloid newspaper, which is generally short and easy to read. The word spirit adds evidence that The Sun targets a simple audience, which dont have to be highly educated. The Sun is aimed at the middle class market (red top). As well as being strictly right-wing politics, the paper also has an untrustworthy reputation, they can also have tendency to exaggerate the truth and even print lies. Papers often exaggerate to make the situation sound more devastating and to have a more dramatic effect on the reader. The Sun gives a graphical view into what happened on September the 11th. The article on the 12th September 2001 is presented quite visually. The paper uses headlines to attract the readers attention and to summarise the facts of the article. The main title for the article is The Sun Says. The title is printed in large capital letters, is bold and has white letters printed on a black background. White letters on a black background are used to focus people attention on the title. Bold text is also used to make certain text stand out from the rest. The heading is to summarise the article, which is what The sun says This short unfinished sentence makes the reader want read on and this creates suspense as well as getting reader interest. This heading is also influencing the readers point of view. The main Sub heading is All the world must unite to defeat these evil cowards. This heading is printed in large letters, is bold, underlined, has white letters on a black background and in the centre of the article. The heading is in the centre of the article this is to break up the text and grab peoples attention. The heading is used to give a message, which in this case is everyone, must join together to find out who committed this unprovoked attack. This heading is also exaggerated to creating drama and excitement to stimulate the interest of the reader. Below the sub heading in a picture of some of the people caught up in the accident. This is eye catching and is reinforcing what is being said in the text. The picture is followed by the caption Terror victims. New York workers flee the devastation covered in dust yesterday This caption is to get a certain response from the reader. The writer varies the sentence lengths to make short sentences punchy and hard-hitting on the audience. This simple short sentences They must is the first sentence of the article after the subheading. Short sentences are to emphasise a certain point. The point for this sentence is really the answer to the sub heading before it. This has a dramatic effect on its audience to unite in the wake of yesterdays horrors. An additional short sentence is Not after yesterday. This is due to the amount of lives that were lost and threat of another attack. This is playing on the audiences emotions. The writer uses a variety of techniques to help write a powerful article. Emotive language is used to provoke a certain response this can be demonstrated by the phrase But the world will never be the same again. This phrase is used to provoke an emotional response from the audience because the towers will never be rebuilt or be the same again. In order to create emotions, The Sun had to be biased and argue their point in order to get a certain emotion, among the audience. The writer uses the single word exactly which is written in Italic writing. This is to emphasise the word and make it stand out from the rest of the paragraph. The word is also to persuade the audience to adopt their point of view. Bold text stand is used several times throughout the article. Various examples of the bold text are It is our duty to support them, both morally and if necessary practically and They must be hunted down and killed. These quote are both subtitles. These subtitles are bold to catch the readers attention and make you want to read more. The bold also makes the text stand out from the rest of the paragraph. Both of these sentences give the read a feeling that if there is a war then we should back America. A rhetorical question is often asked for effect, this is to get a reader interested in what is happening. Were his words treated as bravado rather that a dire threat? By asking a question the reader is leaving the answer up to the readers imagination and for them to draw their own opinion. In addition, the writer also uses questions from famous people in order to support their view. By quoting the prime minister the writer helps to support this view and it gets the paper politically involved. Tony Blair quoted, The terrorists were in human Journalists often exaggerate the truth to have a greater impact on the reader. For example The world will NEVER be the same again. By exaggerating the story the writer is trying to create a more devastating story. By developing and twisting the story the writer is assuming what has happened, but cant prove what actually took place. This is called suppression and is created by saying an example of this is If they had a nuclear bomb, they would use it. Exaggeration is also being used to influence the readers point of view like in the phrase describing the disaster similar to Armageddon, Death Wish and the Towering Inferno. Writers some times use rhyming phrases in order to create phrases or slogans to keep the suspense of the article. Examples of rhyming phrases in the article include George W. Bush will not shirk from using might in the cause of right. And we have won before. We will win again. By playing on words, using Rhyming phrases and repetition the writer is focusing on a certain point or word. In this case the word is we which is at the end of the article to get across the point that we can win. The Language used in the Sun is informative, angry and sad. The language is a key tool in making a newspaper as affective as possible as it keeps the audience interested. A great example of this is the phrase New York workers flee the devastation of yesterday. This example of sad language is to provoke angry response from the audience. The language is also dramatic an example of this is he must be bold. This is to provoke the response that George Bush must be brave and daring. At the time of the disaster I was at school so I didnt find out until I got home. When I saw the pictures on the television I felt a great lose for the families and could not belief something like this could happen, it affects everyone. The bottom lines of the article are trying to get people to unite and get everyone to pray for America and for us all. This powerful phrase is supposed to have a lasting affect on the reader and to influence their opinion. The leading article is a story expressing the newspapers point of view they are normally hard hitting, powerful and personnel. Some times they are actually written by the editor and they are much more opinionated than other reports. This type newspaper tries to make up peoples minds for them as it is mainly biased.

Cadbury Schweppes Strategic Dilemma of Trebor Bassett Essay -- Value

Cadbury Schweppes' Strategic Dilemma of Trebor Bassett Cadbury Schweppes is a UK-based beverage and confectionary group founded in 1969 with the merger of two English groups (Cadbury and Schweppes). This family-managed group grew and flourished through the years. It became an international major player in the late 80s and was admired by its peers for such an ascent. In 1990 the group bought two little entities from the same business and merged them into a single unit: Trebor Bassett. The CEO of this unit soon became the CEO of the group (1993) and he then realized that the success of the past years was seriously in danger and that a real turn needed to be taken. John Sunderland (CS’CEO) and John Stake (Human Resources Director) decided to spend time trying to understand the problem and finding the adapted solutions. Let us see how to change from a budget-driven strategy to a sustainable value-driven strategy. The following pages will try to show how the precedent success was in fact a satisfactory underperformance of CS, then how a real change in the way of seeing the business helped to recover and finally what became the challenge in 1999. I. Cadbury Schweppes in 1996: a satisfactory underperformance 1. An admired company Cadbury Schweppes, born after the merger of two major companies in 1969, was an admired company in 1996. Indeed thanks to Sir Dominic Cadbury’s governance from 1983 to 1996, based on an international development and several strategic acquisitions, the company had become a truly global player: the financial company turnover increased by 30% between 1990 and 1996, the operating profit by 144%. This performance was underlined by the Most Admired UK Company Prize, awarded by the representatives of Britain’s top 250 publicly traded companies and 10 leading investment dealer companies. In 1996, Cadbury Schweppes gathered activities in two major fields, both consumer-oriented: confectionary and beverages. The beverages branch was highly competitive, all the more so as few giant players operated on the market. Cadbury Schweppes owned international bottling and partnership operations and sold products in 149 countries. The company, divided into five divisions in 1996, had a varied product portfolio, based on international brands such as Schweppes or Dr. Pepper/Seven Up, acquired by the group in 1995. As for the ... ...â€Å"over deliver† (= Game playing) - The Group was too far away from the BU and markets to appreciate the complex strategy issues - Strategy of achieving market volume and exploiting scale economy in order to protect short-term revenues â€Å"Grow bigger through steady volume increases† > price discounts in an attempt to protect volumes > irrational brand and packaging size proliferation with no real marketing strategy (and risk of cannibalisation) - No Piloting tools (managers’ comments : â€Å"A lot of data, not a lot of good facts†) Opportunities Threats - Fragmentation of the market - Long term potential of the sugar confectionary business - Total sweets market was stagnant - Low end market : private labels had already captured 20,000 tons owing to the strength of British major retailers - New competition entering the market in its most profitable niches - Raw material prices shooting up - Price competition EXHIBIT 2: COMPETING ENVIRONMENT OF THE BRITISH SUGAR CONFECTIONARY MARKET The five forces model of Porter allows a better analysis of the attractiveness and value of the British sugar confectionary market in the 1990’s: