My Leadership Style Essay

Abstract Leadership is defined as a social influence process in which an individual seeks the participation of subordinates in an effort to research organizational goals. (Kinicki-Kreitner (p.346). My personal leadership style is based on the situational theory of leadership. Based on the type of situation my ability to adapt my leadership style is what makes me an effective manager. My Leadership Style Leadership is defined as a social influence process in which an individual seeks the participation of subordinates in an effort to research organizational goals. (Kinicki-Kreitner p.346) Being a leader in today environment is even challenging than ever. This is due to the pressure for increased transparency due to corporate greed, government pressure and individual corruption. There are great leaders throughout our history such as Martin Luther King, George Washington, and Jack Welsh. However, great leaders don’t have to be good. Barbara Kellerman notes that â€Å"leaders are like the rest of us are: trustworthy and deceitful, cowardly and brave, greedy and generous†. (Kinicki-Kreitner p.346) Hitler, Mussolini, and Stalin are examples of great leaders that use their influence for their own personal gain. Kinicki-Kreitner states that â€Å"to assume that all leaders are good is to be willfully blind (p.346). There are many different leadership styles and different leadership theories that individuals and corporations use. My personal leadership style is based on the Situational Theory. It is also transactional and adaptive compassionate and open. The situational theory of leadership is based on the effectiveness of a particular style of leader behavior depends on the situation. As the situation changes, so does the leadership style of the leader. As a retail manger managing 103 employees, my leadership styles changes on a daily basis. Things are always changing in this fast pace environment. Rules,  regulations, personal challenges, customer issues, are some of the many challenges that my managers and I face on a daily basis. I relate very well to Fiedlers’ situational model of leadership. His model is based on two factors. The first factor is that the degree which the situation gives the leaders control and influence is the likelihood the leader can successfully accomplish the job (Kinicki-Kreitner p.352). The second factor is based on how the leader is motivated. Is he or she motivated for accomplishment of the task or for close and personal relations? (Kinicki-Kreitner p.352) Based on these assumptions, my leadership style is based on build relationships. I value building relationships with people. I believe that building structured relationships with my employees will give them confidence in me and my ability to lead them. Making hard decisions such as hours reduction was easier to communicate to my employees because of the relationship that I built with them. They were able to understand and accept that this was necessary for the greater good of keeping the store open and profitable. This leads me to believe that I have a high amount of situational control within my environment. Situational control refers to the â€Å"amount of control and influence a leader has in his or her environment† (Kinicki-Kreitner p.352) There are three dimensions of situational control. They are Leader member relations, task structure and position power. I relate to all three dimensions with leader-member relations being the highest. Due to the relationships that I have built within my organization, I have the support, loyalty and trust of my assistant managers and my hourly employees. Leaders in today’s economic and political conditions must me servants and not dictators. Robert Greenleafs servant-leadership approach emphasizes â€Å"increased service to others† through a holistic approach.(Spears p.1) Larry Spears in â€Å"Practicing Servant-Leadership† states that the â€Å"great leader is first experienced as a servant to others work, promoting a sense of community, and a the sharing of power in decision making† (p.1) Being a servant-leader is a approach that I use within my organization. By holding daily huddles and having my employees state their opinion on any issues allows them to feel involved in the daily operation of running the store. Having an open heart is also an important aspect to my leadership ability. Ronald Heifetz and Marty Linsky in â€Å"Leading with an Open Heart†, states that  if we â€Å"lose our capacity for innocence, curiosity, and compassion. Our innocence turns to cynicism, our curiosity turns into arrogance and our compassion turns into callousness†. (p.2) Being a leader in my organization is very challenging. However, the situation theory allows me to adapt to each and every challenging situation on a daily basis. Managing with an open heart and being a servant leader will allow me to take on any challenges without becoming a dictator or being resentful in the decisions that I make. The ultimate key to my leadership style is building relationships. Building structured relationships allows loyalty, respect and confidence that I get from my employees knowing that I will lead them in any situation. References Kinicki, A., & Kreitner, R. (2009). Organizational Key concepts, Skills, & Best Practices. (4th ed.). Ashford University Heifetz, R. & Linsky, M (2002) Leading with an Open Heart. In the Leader to Leader Journal Retrieved February 10, 2010 from http://www.leadertoleader.org/knowledgecenter/journal.aspx?ArticleID=127 Spears, L. (2004 Practicing Servant-Leadership. In the Leader to Leader Journal Retrieved February 10, 2010 from http://www.leadertoleader.org/knowledgecenter/journal.aspx?ArticleID=51.

Poetry Essay

Understanding and interpreting poetry requires a different method of reading than the method which is generally associated with prose. While a given poem, especially a lyric poem, may be literally read in a matter of minutes, the comprehension of the poem may take a lifetime. This is due to the extraordinary ability of poets to compress meanings and also develop complex and multi-layered associations of language, figurative language, image, rhyme, and even narrative within a very brief literary forms. Contemplating a poem is as much a part of experiencing it as merely reading a poem. In the hands of a talented and inspired poet, the minimal use of words and the seemingly constricted forms offered by poetry are actually platforms to convey thoughts, themes, and emotions that would find no more complete expression even if given the â€Å"larger† platform of a novel, essay, or even memoir. As an example of this multi-tiered expression that is found in good poetry, Anne Sexton’s poem, â€Å"Starry Night† provides a rich demonstration of how poetry conveys multiple meanings and associations within a minimalist form. To begin with, Sexton’s poem â€Å"The Starry Night† is an exercise in ekphrasis. Ekphrasis is a type of poem written about another art-form. Most often, in poetry, it involves painting. When writing a poems inspired by paintings, poets attempt to make language, image, and meter evoke the same emotional or thematic impact which is delivered by the visual techniques and textures of paintings. In â€Å"The Starry Night,†Anne Sexton was inspired not only by Vincent Van Goght’s painting of the same title, but by a letter the artist wrote to his brother, which contained the epigraph for Sexton’s poem: â€Å"That does not keep me from having a terrible need/of— shall I say the word— religion. Then I go/out at night to paint the stars. † By including the quotation form Van Goght above the body of her poem, Sexton accomplishes a clever bit of compression, in fact: explicating the poem’s theme before a word of the poem, proper, has a chance to even be read by the reader! This sly trick is compatible with Van Gogh’s technique in the painting â€Å"The Starry Night† which discards subtlety in favor of grandeur and obscurity in favor of explicit emotional expression. In the painting we see a night sky crowded with swirling clouds, blazing starts with burning halos and a moon which reflects each of the lunar phases in one image. All of these attributes are exaggerated, pulling the viewer into a setting of epic epiphany and emotional release. Van Goght’s sky is alive and engages the viewer relentlessly. The overall initial experience is one of being overwhelmed by the immensity of cosmic nature. Below a set of rolling hill lies a small town. The focal point of the town is the large church- steeple, which presides over the rest of the buildings. This steeple seems to anchor the town and the rest of the scene beneath the sky, suggesting that it is the religious and spiritual dialogue between humanity and the cosmos which is of the most importance, not the town itself. Similarly, Sexton begins her poem, â€Å"The town does not exist† establishing the primacy of a non-linear mode of perception, as well as setting the stage for the eventual, climactic religious epiphany. Van Gogh painted Starry Night while in an Asylum at Saint-Remy in 1889. According to many sources his behavior was erratic during this period of his life. During his youth, Van Gogh had dedicated his life to the church. Many believe that Genesis 37:9: â€Å"And he dreamed yet another dream, and told it his brethren, and said, Behold, I have dreamed a dream more; and, behold, the sun and the moon and the eleven stars made obeisance to me† greatly influenced Van Gogh’s â€Å"The Starry Night. † Sexton, too, carefully reserves the numerical symbolism of the painting in her lines: â€Å"The night boils with eleven stars. /Oh starry starry night! This is how/I want to die! † By repeating the adjective â€Å"starry,† Sexton gains the â€Å"crowded† feeling of Van Gogh’s canvas in her stanza. She grasps the â€Å"living sky† element in the following lines: â€Å"It moves. They are all alive. /Even the moon bulges in its orange irons. † The key to Sexton’s masterful ekphrasis seems to lie in her use of compressed diction: â€Å"The old unseen serpent swallows up the stars. †This, like Van Gogh’s hurried, thick brush stroked invokes a sense of both urgency and passion. Sexton’s use of the refrain â€Å"This is how I want to die! † encapsulates the theme of Van Gogh’s paining, that of religious ecstacy, by merging the erotic/death urge so common in Elizabethan poetry and here marked by an additional shading of surrealism â€Å"sucked up by that great dragon, to split/from my life with no flag. In so doing, Sexton remains true to her confessional mode, also capturing an element which is perhaps understated in Van Gogh’s original, but present nonetheless, a â€Å"confession† of deep loneliness and alienation, marked by the darker swirls of color on the painting’s peripheries and also by the lone black tree, which Sexton describes as â€Å"a drowned woman† marking for posterity her close identification with the emotional confessional and religious themes of Van Gogh’s painting. Sexton’s poem is a wonderful counterpoint to Van Gogh’s painting, a rich example of the artistic and expressive potential of transposing the themes textures and techniques from one art medium to another.

America at Mid Century (US History) Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

America at Mid Century (US History) - Assignment Example He made decisions crucial to war and peace of the nations. What is significant about this case is not only about the children and schools but also about the human tendency to prejudice people according to their race, color, religion, gender and ethnicity. At that time, racial prejudice was so strife that blacks are not allowed to enter public facilities and to attend same schools. The case is significant as the ruling of the Supreme Court to stop racial segregation of the white and black children became a turning point of the country development. This ruling became the basis for the future legal policies of human rights {Brown vs. Board. 2004)). In 1954, the Brown vs. Board of Education was a legal protest on the right of the blacks to attend same school with the whites. The ruling of the law in favor of the blacks eventually opened the doors for equal treatment to children in education and to other public facilities. The case became so controversial that even President Eisenhower got so concerned and had to send army troops to Arkansas in 1957 at the height of the segregation crisis. (Almanac, p.554) The significance of the Brown Case can still be felt until this day. Today, color discrimination is almost non-existent and have accepted the blacks in the society not only in the United States but also worldwide. In fact, the United States have elected the first black U.S.

Musical Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Musical Analysis - Essay Example 21). The means and methods used to identify the working of music vary from one analyst to another depending upon what purpose the analysis serves. Musical analysis has a history that dates back to 1750s, though it has also existed from the Middle Ages as a scholarly tool. A.B. Marx has been known for the formalization of concepts regarding music understanding and composition from the later half of the 19th century. While musical analysis is a way to identify how music works, it has been a subject of criticism since musical analysis has been thought to mutilate the musical work’s spirit through decomposition. It is said that â€Å"too much analysis kills the spirit of a performance† (Poore, 2005). My understanding of musical analysis is of a technique in which the working or a piece of music is judged on the basis of some well-defined scales or criteria. It comes with the presumption that a piece of music has to have a definite function and that it must conform to the se t principles in order to be considered valid or credible. This is where I personally side with the critics of musical analysis because in this age of innovation and creativity, development of music beyond these criteria and scales can be expected or that these criteria are also updated or modified to suit the tastes of the next generation. The end result of musical analysis is identification of a piece of music with a particular theme, genre, or style. I believe that music is a form of art and it has to be free of all constraints and boundaries in order to constantly evolve and provide the audience with something new and entertaining all the time. â€Å"Some authors regard analysis as ‘implicit in what the performer does’, however ‘intuitive and unsystematic’ it might be, while for others, performers must engage in rigorous and theoretically informed analysis of a work’s ‘parametric elements’ if its ‘aesthetic depth’ is to be plumbed† (Rink, 2002). Some musicians actually think like analysts and draw upon the parametric elements of their music while performing it while there are others for which, musical performance is a thing entirely disconnected from its analysis. Analysis is more of an academic process in which a piece of music is described in literary terms. I think that what appeals to the audience is not the extent to which a piece of music can be described or identified with a particular genre, but it is the emotions that it is capable of arising in the audience, the magic, power, and strength that it carries to send give the audience goosebumps. The power of a piece of music can be better understood from a first-hand experience of its performance rather than analysis. Analysis does not essentially capture the essence of performance, and that is why it is inferior to the experience of performance from the perspective of audience. â€Å"Analysis is generally implicit, since many musician s do not command the verbal or notational tools that would enable explicit results†¦.[Nevertheless] by applying a procedural knowledge to a stock of declarative knowledge of prototypical pieces and situations, a musician gains additional declarative knowledge, increasing his or her knowledge of repertoire† (Brinner, 1995, p. 148). I agree because while composing music, many musicians have factors beyond the notational or verbal tools in their mind like what would appease the audience and experimenting with new tones and melodies to entertain the audience. As a result of this, their music might gain a lot of appreciation from the audience but fail to comply with the standards established by the analysts. However, a musician who has a fair understanding of the analysts’ criteria is able to incorporate those elements in the music to enhance it, though

Leadership issues and solutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Leadership issues and solutions - Essay Example Some of the complaints put forth include huge disparities between remuneration between those in top management and those in lower levels of operations. The working hours and increased work load per employee is also a challenge. The management needs to offer leadership by first listening and genuinely responding to these complaints. There is a communication gap that needs bridging where employees’ representatives should sit and negotiate with the management. Harmonizing remuneration needs to be considered and a formula devised on how to shorten the disparity. The workload will not be an issue if the management takes a few employees for further training so as to better manage the increased responsibilities. Organizations have to keep their employees motivated so as to ensure increased productivity states Camilius (2011). Camilius further states that losing employees is quite costly especially in replacing them. Every employee likes to feel valued and part of the larger organizational workforce. Even if some issues like increasing remuneration are sensitive and may not happen immediately, it is critical to communicate the intensions or reasons of failure thereof to the relevant employee representatives. These actions will go a long way in holding to the workforce as well as maintaining high motivation

Group dynamics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Group dynamics - Essay Example The phenomenon is used as a tool in understanding the emotional problems of the patient and their origins. However, it’s a term that can be fruitfully examined in a therapeutic setting but we cannot ignore the fact that it is an unconscious process and is out of the conscious arena of an individual. Thus, we have to understand, that transference can occur in any given human service organizations. Wherever humans and their subjectivity are involved, there is a possibility of transference seeping in. The important thing worth exemplification is the verity that the human is not aware of the process happening in its full swing and is thus, out of the proponent’s control. Every organization is run by humans. Hence, they are well rooted within the various processes happening in the human mind. Psyche is a construct which lays down the bases of everything a human does. An altruist act of helping an unknown person in need is also an example of the unconscious working of the min d to give conscious results. Therefore, transference is a very important process to be studied in context of its application in various human service organizations. ... Yet transference mechanisms seep in without the information of the proponents. Brandell (2004) said that a client who is seeking help may elucidate the very truth behind the relationship with the caseworker in a much exaggerated form. The purpose and the nature of the alliance within these two individuals are very formal but the seeker may over-exemplify the help he’s getting from the worker in question. This sets off a complete change of unrealistic responses in him which actually tars the client’s vision. Another possibility of unconscious response on the part of the client in social work is that occurrence of transference reinforces the usage of the defense mechanism of regression. It makes the client neurotically dependent on the social work clinician. This in turn takes a face of a management problem on the part of social worker to control the plethora of unrealistic emotions guided towards him (Brandell, 2004). The solution to this problem was found by Hepworth, R ooney and Larsen in their book direct social work practice: theory and skills (1997:562-63). According to them, it’s actually of no use to focus on the past as the problem lies in the present and should be dealt in the here and now. When we focus on human resource management we come to see transference in terms of codependency. Codependents are people who have been victimized much of their lives. They easily feel anger, fear, elation, depression, worthlessness, domination, helplessness, deep emptiness and despair. These people use psychological defenses such as suppression, denial and rationalization to come over these feelings subjectively coined as pain. These mechanisms happen outside the purview of the individual’s conscious

Challenges in Writing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Challenges in Writing - Essay Example For example, after writing about the ‘moment of truth’ in my protagonist’s life (in a short story I wrote), I pondered for a long time for an alternative word but had to be satisfied with ‘the yes moment’ and then still unhappily replaced it with ‘the cool moment’. Similarly I had to spend a sleepless night being unable to break free from the ‘having said that’ and ‘at the end of the day’ syndromes in my writing. To disentangle one’s thought process from the mundane discourses of one’s own mind is another great challenge, as far as I am concerned. This demands great amount of concentration and clarity. This approach to writing is rooted in attaining a crystal clear consciousness when one starts writing, which can surely be cultivated. It is an unconditional opening up of one’s senses to the surroundings so that you can hear a cuckoo’s song heard from far away (which otherwise you may n ot even notice), you can hear the feeble murmurings of wind, and also you can feel forgotten experiences and memories from distant recesses of the past. In such a moment of deep contemplation, I always had the experience of new words, new sensations and new ideas pouring in.

The predictions of corporate failures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The predictions of corporate failures - Essay Example Corporate failures gained higher rates in last two decades. There are lots of factors that lead businesses to fail. Those factors attributed by different economists are high interest rates, heavy debt burdens and recession-squeezed profits. There are lots of industry-specific factors such as government regulation and the nature of operations, can results into to a firm’s financial failures. Studies have found that small, private and newly opened companies with poor cash flow planning and ineffective controlling systems are more exposed to financial crisis than the large and well-established firms. It is very important to have robust and reliable models that predict corporate failure accurately and promptly. It is very important for the management to take either preventive or corrective measure to secure the interest of all the stakeholders. This study would go to discuss about different models for preventing corporate failures and the study would assess the strengths and weakn esses of those models. Financial satiability is very important for any corporate house. Corporate houses are having lots of stakeholders attached with it. It is also an important duty of Government and Financial regulating authorities to keep a close look on the financial health of firm. There are lots of models are there to take preventive actions but it is very important to chose the right one for the right problem. Every model has its own strength and weaknesses. Identification of the proper model for the specific crisis is very important things to follow for any corporate house to avoid corporate failures. Failure of one firm can cause for a serious disaster for all those stake holders related with that firm. According to Beaver (1966), who used classification test to identify different financial ratios for corporate failure predictions. Author used 30 financial ratios and 79 pairs of companies for test

Two Author Response Letter Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Two Author Response Letter - Research Paper Example Bacevich adds that the draft creates a division between the rich and the poor, and since the last draft allowed higher class citizens to receive letters that exempt them from military service as noted by an anonymous New York Times editorial, this is a legitimate concern for lower class families who have seen what the loss of family members is like in past wars that are not easily forgotten even after decades. Bacevich has argued that the draft is necessary because the relationship between American families and the military is so estranged that the option for voluntary military service will generate shortages in the military from now on. However, there are other ways that the government could enlist the help of American citizens without requiring military service. Other service industries, such as AmeriCorps could be considered for enlisting the help of American Citizens. This would prompt more adults to join, since much of the work would be completed domestically. This would also en able more women to help, and encourage families to volunteer together. This would also satisfy military leaders, because it would leave the military to highly skilled soldiers and training and free up those soldiers for more appropriate military responsibilities. Another argument Bacevich provides in support of the reinstatement of the draft, stating that a reinstatement of the draft would give the power back to the people about where and why the U.S. goes to war. However, the anonymous New York Times editorial argues that it’s too late for the people to hope to gain back power over the military movements of the U.S., even with the reinstatement of the draft. The amount of legislation it would take to revert power back to the people makes it improbable that such a drastic change would be made, especially with the opposition that would exist in Congress and the White House. In conclusion, the reinstatement of the draft would alienate American households from the military and t he government by creating a feeling of mistrust and injustice from the lower class families who are sending their children and fathers into direct danger. Secondly, the shortages in the military can be amended by creating more positive relationships between the military and American families. This can be achieved by giving Americans a sense that their views on where and why war should be engaged are respected by the government. Also, the production of other types of American organizations designed to alleviate the domestic workload of the military could be offered to give citizens the opportunity to serve their country domestically. These steps would generate a higher popularity for the military with the citizens and allow the government to restore faith to the people. The reaction would probably generate a higher amount of volunteers for military service and effectively eliminate the problem that prompted you to send the bill proposal in the first place. I appreciate your time and would like to hear your plans for addressing this matter in the near future. Sincerely, Anonymous. (2006). Rejecting the draft. The New York Times. Retrieved on October 14, 2011 from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/21/opinion/21tue1.html Bacevich, A. (2007). The failure of an

MGT499 - Strategic Management Mod 1 Case Assignment Essay

MGT499 - Strategic Management Mod 1 Case Assignment - Essay Example 82% of American households have made at least one purchase at Wal-Mart during an annum. Company’s expansions are very aggressive where there is a new store opening every day. However analyzing the growth and profitability trends over the years, there is a declining trend in terms of same store performance which is currently covered up by the aggressive new outlet openings. This paper aims to assess whether the company’s mission and objectives are well aligned with its stake holder needs that will allow the long term sustaining of the company’s success. Wal-Mart’s mission is â€Å"Saving People Money so They Can Live Better† This is the philosophy of the Wal-Mart founder Sam Walton who stated that â€Å"If we work together, we’ll lower the cost of living for everyone†¦we’ll give the world an opportunity to see what it’s like to save and have a better life.† This is the driving principle of the company’s low cost-low price business model. The company claims that their core principles of 1) respect for the individuals, 2) Service to the customers and 3) Striving for excellence has been the cornerstones of their success as they move forward (Wal-Mart Stores Website 2008). While Wal-Mart has benefited from this business mission of offering every day low prices over the past decade, the trends indicate that the competition has intensified in the market and the competitors have streamlines their own operations, benchmarking against Wal-Mart. They have managed to increase their internal efficiencies and cut back on cost structures, allowing them to bring their prices closer to Wal-Mart but offer more value additions such as greater customer service, better product quality and greater stores ambiance that has increased their appeal to the middle and upper income group strata. While the appeal of the low price offer has kept legions of low income customers loyal to the

Soccer Essay Example for Free

Soccer Essay Neymar da silva santos junior Neymar is a Brazilian football players he is one of the most popular and best football player in the word and he is only twenty years old. He play in Santos CF but he has offers of the best football clubs around the word he is the most wanted player in Europe and he is probably the future of the national team. He start playing football very young and in 2003 Neymar join Santos football club academy, at the age of 15 he earn 10,000 real per month. In 2009 he earn the opportunity to be in the first team of Santos CF. Then he start to show his real potential and he became the new idol of Brazil. This young player of just 4 years of his professional career has achieve a lot of goals and he has earn a lot of trophies like the silver medal of the Olympic games and the best player of the paulista championship in 2012. The only problem with Neymar is that he doesn? t want to emigrate to Europe yet he wants to stay in Brazil but as Pele said ? If he want to be the best he must be with the best? o he must emigrate to Europe that’s what most people think and that may happen this winter and in my opinion if Neymar decide to emigrate to Europe he can be better than Messi, Maradona and even Pele who is the greatest football player in history. References http://www. squidoo. com/Neymar#module147735293, Copyright  © 2012, Squidoo, LLC and respective copyright owners http://www. neymaroficial. com/Carreira, Copyright 2012. Site Oficial do Jogador Neymar Jr | desenvolvido por Insanemedia / WooW! Brasil | marketing digita http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Neymar

Plan for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Prevention

Plan for Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) Prevention Healthy People 2020 identified intimate partner violence (IPV) as an increasing public health issue. Previously thought of as a private matter, IVP has received little attention by the health care sector. IPV affects millions, both men and women; it crosses racial, ethnic, religious, economic, and educational groups. The financial effects of IPV are estimated at $ 5.8 billion annually in the U.S. alone. The incidence of IPV is a growing public health issue and to raise awareness and education is a goal of the Healthy People 2020 initiatives (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2020). This objective may be attainable by the increased number of physician offices, medical clinics, emergency room waiting areas, and health department clinics distributing the printed educational information (pamphlets, brochures, and posters), as well as the information distributed by in-office educational television. The goal is increasing collaboration with distribution and posting of printed mate rials in the waiting areas and strategic places in medical facilities. Evaluation of the increased awareness of the medical community will be based on the number of agreements, of the offices, to distribute educational material and information. Short term goals will be to raise awareness and dissemination of information and knowledge pertaining to IPV. Long term goals will be to continue the increase of information to inter-office television information and broadcasting for intimate partner violence, and future classes through the health department and schools for IPV prevention and interventions. Articles reviewed from the CDC, American Association of College of Nurses, Crisis Prevention Centers, ENA, and American Family Physician agree that to inform and educate medical staff and patients about intimate partner violence, will help increase the community awareness of intimate partner violence. Key concepts include: healthcare professionals, domestic violence, interventions, education, and awareness. The Information-Motivation-Behavior-Skills Model (IMB) will be utilized to develop the plan for intimate partner violence prevention. The IMB model provides a platform to design interventions, to help instigate change in the pattern of behavior, and to develop prevention measures. This includes three concepts: 1) Information: targeting the concepts that are used make behavioral changes and ways to achieve changes. Information generates knowledge, which shapes attitudes, which leads to behaviors (Mehta, 2010). 2) Motivation: deals with personal attitudes toward positive health behavior and uses existing social support systems to enhance motivation. Motivation is of two types: personal motivation, which is based on personal attitudes toward behaviors, and social motivation are to engage in prevention based on social responsibilities (Mehta, 2010) 3) Behavior: actions that allow the learning of skills required to make a change. Behavioral skills are the individual’s ability and self-efficiency to performing the action required to make the behavioral change (Mehta, 2010). This framework is appropriate for the intended project as it includes the three elements needed to achieve practice and policy changes in most healthcare settings. Information targeting intimate partner violence, being displayed in medical facilities, will assist in making the employees of the facility, as well as the patients more aware. Motivation, even for well-informed individuals, is to undertake health promotion action and support the efforts toward awareness. Behavioral is based on if the individuals that have the knowledge and motivation, and have the required self-efficacy in carrying out a health promotion behavior plan (Mehta, 2010). Interventions are designed and implemented based on the health behavior. Presenting the information to make changes is the first step to any behavior change. The evaluation or outcome is conducted to assess the impact of the intervention to produce the desired effect. This model focuses on the individual by providing information and intervention on how to change the personal attitudes and behaviors, and the environmental by showing how health promotion may be affected by individual and social support systems (Gielen, 2003). Placing awareness information or education in medical facilities, in strategic spots, such as bathrooms, examine rooms, and waiting areas, will allow the patients the opportunity to read and take the pamphlets, brochures, or resource cards with them when leaving the premises (McClure, 1996). It also lets the patients know that the staff is supportive and understand the importance of interventions and support for those that need assistance, or just want to discuss the issue (B.J.Walton-Moss J.C.Campbell, 2002). Knowledgeable and supportive medical personnel may be able to refer the patient to the appropriate community resource or program. By displaying information openly, or discreetly, improves the chance of prevention and behavioral changes (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2013). The plan for increasing the awareness of medical facilities and clinics will include discussions with physicians, nurses, advanced nurse practitioners, and all other medical care providers that provide care and assist in decisions related to patient education and information displayed in the offices, clinics, or clinical settings. The planned direction of the discussions will be on the increased awareness, and agree to place educational material related to intimate partner violence, available community resources, resource cards, and hotline numbers for help. The addition of inter-office television information related to IPV will be discussed, and information on obtaining this programming will be furnished (National Coalition Against Domestic Violence, 2013). Information pertaining to patient screening and staff training related to continued education credits for the medical staff will be furnished (CEU.Fast.com, 2014). There are many governmental agencies that have the instructional materials, screening programs, and programs for staff development available at nominal costs, as well as programs that are free for many medical facilities that agree to participate in clinical prevention (VAWnet). When increasing the awareness of medical providers and their staff, on the public health issue of intimate partner violence, the added benefits of education and awareness of the public obtained through the medical office, may increase the community awareness and practice and attitudes toward IPV (Future Without Violence). The increased awareness may help in decreasing the incidence of IPV and the significant health issues related to IPV (Power). As it is the responsibility of all medical professionals to improve the health of their communities and the people of the community, it is the responsibility of the APN to be involved in community education and awareness of fellow medical professionals, on the complications and long term medical issues resulting from IPV, measures to prevent IPV, and educational measures that may be implemented for the prevention and assessment of this public health issue (Rhodes Levinson, 2003). References: B.J.Walton-Moss, D., J.C.Campbell, P. R. (2002, January). Intimate Partner Violence: Implication for Nurses. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 7(1). Retrieved February 2014, from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategory/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodical/OJIN Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2013, July). National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey. Retrieved from Center for Disease Control and Prevention: http://www.cdc.gov/violenceprevention/nisvs/index Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2020). Healthy People 2020. Retrieved from Center for Disease Control and Prevention: http://cdc.gov/nchs/healthy_people.htm CEU.Fast.com. (2014). Domestic Violence (Intimate Partner Violence). Retrieved from CEU.Fast.com: http://www.ceu.fast.com/course/domesticviolence Cronholm, P., Fogarty, C. M., Ambul, P. M., Harrison, S. M. (2011, May 5). Intimate Partner Violence. American Family Physician, 83(10), 1165-1172. Retrieved February 2014, from http://www.aafp.org/afp/2011/0515/p1165 Emergency Nurses Association. (2013, September). Intimate Partner Violence. Retrieved from Emergency Nurses Association: http://www.ena.org/SiteCollectionDocuments/PositionStatements Future Without Violence. (2013). Resource Material. Retrieved from Future Without Violence: http://www.secure3.convio.net/fopf/site/Ecommerce/1272334033? FOLDER Future Without Violence. (n.d.). The Call To Action: The Nurses Role in Routine Assessment for Intimate Partner Violence. Retrieved from Future Without Violence: http://www.futurewithoutviolence.org/userfiles/files/healthcare/nursing Healthy People 2020. (n.d.). Leading Health Indicators. Retrieved from Healthy People: http://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/LHI/default McClure, B. R. (1996). Domestic Violence: The Role of the Health Care Professional. Michigan Family Review, 2(1), 63-75. Retrieved February 15, 2014, from http://www.hdl.handle.net/2027/spo.4919087.0002.15 Mehta, K. (2010). Information-Motivation-Behavior Skill Model. Retrieved from P500-FALL2010: http://www.p500fall2010-wiki-wikispace.com/information-motivation-behavior+skill+model National Coalition Against Domestic Violence. (2013). Setup Collaborative Models of Care: HealthCare About Intimate Partner Violence. Retrieved from National Coalition Against Domestic Violence: http://www.healthcareaboutipv.org/gettingstarted/set-up-multidisciplinary-collaborative-models Power, C. R. (n.d.). Domestic Violence: What Can Nurses Do? Retrieved from Crisis Prevention Interventions. Rhodes, K. M., Levinson, W. M. (2003, February 5). Intervention for Intimate Partner Violence Against Women. The Journal of the American Medical Association, 289(5). Retrieved from http://www.jamanetwork.com/article,aspx?articleid=195899 VAWnet. (n.d.). Publications on Domestic Violence. Retrieved from National Online Resource Center on Violence Against Women: http://www.nrcdv.org/dvam/catalog

Study On The Story Desirees Baby

Study On The Story Desirees Baby The story Desirees Baby was based on Kate Chopins experiences while living in rural Louisiana during the late 1800s. Desirees Baby describes the psychical realism many people experienced during an era following the slavery abolishment. The story describes the problem of racism which interfered with the love and understanding between the Aubiguey family. The point Kate conveys is to question why Armand chose to protect his pride instead of the love he felt for his wife and child. The story revolves around the late 1800s, which was a dramatic time for people shortly after the abolishment of slavery. Emotions toward African Americans had not completely vanished; these African Americans were held at a low class in society during this time period. In Desirees Baby, Desirees husband, Armand, was a wealthy aristocrat who owned a large plantation in Louisiana. Armand portrays many of the same emotions and ideas of a common plantation owner during the era. He believes he has to protect his familys social status even at the cost of his wife and child. Armand further delivers the idea of social theory in the story. Social theory addresses and interprets the thought process during a situation based on rationality and logic. When Armand is introduced in the story, he represents a man of wealth and class. He is described by Desiree to her mother as the proudest father in the parish (Chopin 346). As the story unfolds, it is obvious that Armand begins to suspect that their child is of African descent and is described as absenting himself from home refusing to be in presences of Desiree and their child. When Desiree finally learns of the childs true descent, Armand cruelly answers her It means that the child is not white; it means that you are not white. (Chopin 347). Armand no longer feels love towards Desiree, he is described as no longer loved her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and name (Chopin 348). Armand feels cruel emotions towards Desiree for disgracing his familys heritage and social status. Later in the story, Armand tells Desiree Yes, I want you to go. (Chopin 348). Armand is unchanged in his ill regard to removed Desiree and their child from the home because his pride was hurt because of the shame brought upon his familys name. After Desiree and the baby leaves, Armand sets a great bonfire containing the richness of a priceless layette. Then there were silk gowns, and velvet and satin ones added to these; laces, too, and embroideries; bonnets and gloves; for the corneille had been of rare quality. (Chopin 349). Armand was purging his life of any of the artifacts left by his wife and child after their departure for he no longer cared for them. In Desirees Baby, true love was one of the problems that Desiree and Armand faced. Desiree was raised by Madame Valmonde after being found lying asleep in the shadow of the big stone pillar (Chopin 345). Valmonde portrays that she fully loves and cherishes Desiree in the story. She tells Desiree My own Desiree: Come home to Valmonde; back to your mother who loves you. Come with your child. (Chopin 348). Years later, Desiree is seen by Armand standing by the exact pillar she was found as a child. As Armand Aubigny riding by and seeing her there, had fallen in love with her. That was the way all the Aubigny feel in love, as if struck by a pistol shot. (Chopin 346). Armand fell in love for Desirees beauty for he later describes The wonder was that he had not loved her before; for he had known her since his father brought him home from Paris, a boy of eight, after his mother died there. (Chopin 346). Armands love is artificial in that he loves only Desirees beauty. Desiree however, loves Armand entirely. Desiree is describes as loving Armand desperately (Chopin 346). She states that When he frowned she trembled, but loved him. When he smiled, she asked no greater blessing of God. (Chopin 346). Even as Armand begins to isolate himself from Desiree, she continued to love him. This can be seen when Desiree wrote to her mother explaining the situation stating I shall die. I must die. I cannot be so unhappy, and live (Chopin 348). Another example of Desirees love for Armand is when she turned away like one stunned by a blow, and walked slowly towards the door, hoping he would call her back. (Chopin 348). For Desiree, her love is unconditional towards Armand, whereas his love was superficial. The story also conveys the problem associated from racism. Racism is one of the other main points that lead to Armand and Desirees demise. While Armand believed his child was white, his views towards slavery changed. However, as the child began to resemble an African American, Armand became angered which lead to him to isolated himself from his family. Armand wrongly accused Desiree of being part African descent because of the lack of information regarding her family and heritage. Armand believed that his heritage was from aristocracy and therefore could not be tainted with African descent. Armand is described as no longer loved her, because of the unconscious injury she had brought upon his home and his name (Chopin 348). Armands quick change of emotions towards his wife and child implies that he is racist and therefore views them as an embarrassment. However, at the end of the story, Armand learns from a letter written from his mother to his father stating, night and day, I thank t he good God for having so arranged our lives that our dear Armand will never know that his mother, who adores him, belongs to the race that is cursed with the brand of slavery. (Chopin 349). In summary, Desirees Baby written by Kate Chopin describes how pride can adversely affects the values and morals of an individual. In this story, Armand chooses to protect his familys reputation when he finds that his child is born of African descent. In order to protect his social status, Armand makes his wife and child leave home. The point Kate describes is how pride can affect the morals and judgments of an individual set by society. Work Cited Chopin, Kate. Desirees Baby. Millennium Reader. By Terry Hirschberg and Stuart Hirschberg. Fifth ed. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458: Pearson Education, 2009. 345-349. Print.

Greek History Essay -- Essays Papers

Greek History "In this book, the result of my inquiries into history, I hope to†¦preserve the memory of the past by putting on record the astonishing achievements both of our own and of the Asiatic peoples†¦." With this "mission statement" Herodotus introduces his Histories, the first recorded history text in the western world. Using fragments of the past he reconstructs a picture of the whole; the objects of his researches included first-hand accounts and tales passed down through generations, physical remains and artifacts, and his own intelligence and creativity. Using sources such as these (though he cites nothing), Herodotus describes the foundation of the Theran colony of Cyrene, ca. 630 B.C.E.. In compiling this account, he may have used the colony's foundation decree. The facts given in this decree, which we know through a fourth century B.C.E. inscription, agree with those given in the Histories. The authenticity of this decree is strong. The decree could not have been the only source Herodotus consulted, for while certain details in the Histories agree with the foundation decree, Herodotus gives an account of Cyrene's founding containing much more description. Both accounts begin with Apollo's oracle at Delphi urging the Therans to found a new colony in Libya, on the coast of northern Africa. Already Herodotus' account goes into much more detail than the inscription. The inscription tells only that, on the oracular advice, Thera sends Battos with colonists to Libya. Herodotus, however, records how the Theran king Grinnos chose Battos, not a Theran by birth, to be the leader of the colonists. Herodotus' account continues with a description of a long delay in the found... ...Works Cited addendum to the Histories, and scholars have often maligned his work for taking many liberties with sparse evidence to flesh out the work. Such scholars can, however, use facts and artifacts known to modern archaeology to confirm his writing, and the inscription of the Theran decree does verify the Histories on several counts. Other aspects of the events related in the Histories, such as Herodotus' record of the dead at Marathon, archaeologists have proven through research and excavation. Alone the colonization decree cannot completely prove the truth of Herodotus' account, for he provides many aspects to the story which lie beyond the scope of the decree, but it does serve to reign in the skepticism with which several classicists regard the Histories. BIBLIOGRAPHY Demand, Nancy. A History of Ancient Greece. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996.

Process of Learning Essay -- Education Essays Observational Cognitive

There are many ways that children and adults learn but there are two processes of learning which have been of great debate for many years. Observational learning and cognitive learning have been theories which many great philosophers have been researching extensively. Both theories provide valid points and both can be applied to our world today. The question is do I believe in them and can they somehow be integrated? I believe that learning is observable yet I also recognize that there are many other factors to consider when discussing this issue. First I believe that being observant means that we focus and pay attention to what we are observing. If you want to learn anything, it is critical to pay attention. Anything that may come in the way of your attention is going to decrease your learning, including observational learning. Second I believe that each individual's environment, culture, and family greatly affect how someone responds to what they have observed. We can look at this topic from a simplistic point of view and use the example of a child observing someone throw...

Dispositional Optimism Essay -- Psychology, Behaviorism

Behaviorism is an essential part of our daily lives since it reflects how we learn and deal with varying circumstances. Schacter, Gilbert and Wegner (2011) states that behaviorism restricts psychologists to focus purely on observable behavior; it rejects the emphasis of the conscious and unconscious mind (p. 16). Ivan Pavlov, who was a Russian physiologist, discovered this concept when he researched the role that saliva played on digestion. In his experiment, he gave the dogs’ meat powder to see how they would salivate to it. After a while, he noticed that the dogs’ salivated even before he gave them food; if the dogs’ saw the white lab coat, put in the harness, hear the sound of a buzzer, or the ringing of a bell. He then concluded that these dogs’ were learning from the environment, which at first, they thought was an annoyance, leading Pavlov to the classical conditioning process - which says that we learn through pairings and association ( Ryan, G. (2013) Lectures on Learning. Personal Collection of G. Ryan, Suffolk County Community College, Brentwood NY). Another advocate of behaviorism was John B. Watson, who wanted to demonstrate that even sophisticated behaviors such as emotion are subject to classical conditioning. Watson conducted a study known as â€Å"Little Albert,† where he taught the infant to fear the white rat, which was originally a neutral stimulus. Every time the rat appeared, he would bang two metal pipes together to scare the infant. Consequently, it resulted to â€Å"Little Albert† to fear similar objects to the rat- known as stimulus generalization, and in this case, it was a broad selection of animals. However, according to the authors Schacter, Gilbert, and Wegner (2011) classical conditioning stu... ...the end, you are the only one who can truly put you in the dark. Moreover, you, yourself, are the one who can take you out of your darkness. References Brodhagen, A., Wise, D. (2008). Optimism as a Mediator Between the Experience of Child Abuse, Other Traumatic Events, and Distress. Journal Of Family Violence, 23(6), 403-411 Brunk, L., Hirsch, J. K., LaLonde, S. M., Morris, A. P., and Wolford, K., 2007 (2007). Dispositional Optimism as a Moderator of the Relationship Between Negative Life Events and Suicide Ideation and Attempts. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 31(4), 533- 546. Ryan, G. (2013) Lectures on Learning. Personal Collection of G. Ryan, Suffolk County Community College, Brentwood NY Schacter, D. L., Gilbert, D.T., and Wegner, D.M., (2011). Learning (p. 16 and 177). Psychology (Second Edition). New York, N.Y: Worth Publishers.

CHief Matenge’s Character Sketch Essay

This assignment is based on Bessie Head’s classic novel, When Rain Clouds Gather. It gives an assessment of one of the novel’s main characters, Chief Matenge and in the process exposes him as an undoubtedly corrupt leader. This is supported by the many intertwined facts and quotations that portray his character as such a leader and these are selected and presented from the novel. Byrne, Kalua, Scheepers and Kane (2012:100) provide the foundation for the reader’s agreement that Chief Matenge is a corrupt leader which in turn shapes the whole negative perspective of his personality when they describe him as representing the â€Å"Old Africa† at its worst – moral degeneration. Going through the whole novel the reader struggles and eventually loses the battle in finding anywhere where any positive notions are associated with Chief Matenge. Bryne et al (2012:100) present Matenge as a â€Å"villain, a bad person who is openly corrupt†. He is indubitably the antagonist and the opposer of Gilbert Balfour and Makhaya who generally stand for good in the name of progress and development in the novel. Head (1987:18) introduces Chief Matenge as Paramount Chief Sekoto’s â€Å"troublesome and unpopular younger brother†. This already gives the reader an idea of what sort of personality Chief Matenge has. This description of him sets the tone in the whole novel as he is further described using such adjectives and phrases as â€Å"overwhelming avariciousness† and â€Å"unpleasant personality†, (Head 1987:18). It soon becomes apparent that Chief Matenge’s brother, Paramount Chief Sekoto does not like his own brother, as the statement â€Å"nothing upset Chief Sekoto more than a visit from his brother, whom he had long classified as belonging to the insane part of mankind† (Head 1987:48) clearly displays. Paramount Chief Sekoto is said to have always sided with villagers who his brother constantly upset. Head (1987:18) presents Matenge as having a â€Å"devil† that drove him and would subside after some chastising from Chief Sekoto only to awaken its â€Å"clamouring and howling† a few months later. Matenge’s wickedness is further unfolded in the wish of Chief Sekoto to destroy him for â€Å"all the family feuds and intrigues he had instigated† (Head 1987:20). Ironically, Paramount Chief Sekoto was not what one would call a shining example of morality. Chief Sekoto, â€Å"although he was widely known as a good chief† (Head 1987:19) just like his brother Matenge â€Å"lived off the slave labour of the poor and his lands were ploughed free of charge by the poor, and he was washed, bathed and fed by the poor† (Head 1987:19). In turn Matenge also strongly despised his brother Paramount Chief Sekoto. Head (1987:42) discloses this when she reveals his thoughts about his brother who he secretly thought was â€Å"an amicable, pleasant nitwit of a brother in the supreme position. Matenge coveted is brother’s position of Paramount Chief. Matenge is referred to as â€Å"evil† countless times in the novel. Dinorego further exposes this evilness or corruptness when he confides in Makhaya that he (Matenge) was the evil force delaying progress in the village. Dinorego reveals Matenge’s machinations to â€Å"damage† and â€Å"delay† the starting of the farm and the cattle co-operative which are projects that are supposed to push development in the village. Matenge is said to have particularly sabotaged Gilbert Balfour on the cattle co-operative because he was personally benefitting from buying the poor villagers’ cattle at a low price and making huge profits by then selling them at a much higher price. Matenge took advantage of the poor villagers’ inability to hire railway trucks to transport their own cattle because they could not afford it. Matenge fought Gilbert Balfour’s cattle co-operative because it would put him out of business. Matenge’s falsehoods and cunningness are clearly portrayed when he lies to the villagers that Gilbert wanted to enslave them, â€Å"Was it true they wanted to know, that Gilbert had secretly purchased land from the paramount Chief and was using the name co-operative to enslave the people? That was what Chief Matenge had told them† (Head 1987:35). The reader would not hesitate to label Matenge as greedy and selfish. Head (1987:41) reveals that Matenge lived alone (before Joas Tsepe joined him) in a â€Å"big cream-painted mansion†. The other villagers are said to have lived in small and primitive mud huts and were in fact not allowed to build brick houses without permission from the Chief which was rarely given, if at all. Head (1987:41) goes on to mention that the central village where Matenge’s mansion was situated contained â€Å"one very poor general dealer’s shop which supplied the villagers with the â€Å"bare necessities† like sugar, tea and â€Å"cheap materials and shoes† among other items. The location of Matenge’s â€Å"big mansion† was also in proximity to a â€Å"three-roomed shack† which serves as the village primary school. The jarring contrast of Matenge’s seemingly luxurious life style and his surroundings nauseates the reader and speaks loudly of his greediness and selfishness. The reader can safely accuse Matenge of being a tribalist. Byrne et al (1987:100) describe tribalism as the practice of advancing one’s own tribe above others and judging other people on the basis of their tribal origins. Matenge is described as a â€Å"die hard traditionalist† (Head 1987:42). He wanted things to remain the same. He is said to have understood tribalism and that it was â€Å"essentially the rule of the illiterate man who when he was in the majority, feared and despised anything that was not a part of the abysmal darkness in which he lived†. (Head 1987:65) further portrays his disgust for other tribes when he is said to have dismissed Dinorego’s greeting at some point with a â€Å"slight gesture of the head which contained in it an inheritance of centuries of contempt for the ordinary man. † His shaky and opportunistic relationship with Joas Tsepe is another revelation of Matenge’s lopsided and corrupt character. Joas Tsepe was also corrupt and this is revealed in the sponsor that was shrouded in mystery who supplied him with money which enabled him to remain unemployed and to travel every six months by air as a very important person. Matenge also has xenophobic tendencies. His wish to chase Makhaya out of the village very much smelt of this. This is revealed when George Apple-by confides in Makhaya that Matenge wants him â€Å"removed† from the village because he is a refugee. Refugees were generally not liked in Botswana at the time of the book’s setting when many came from South Africa running away from Apartheid, but Matenge’s particular hatred for Makhaya as a refugee and all like him comes out when he referred to him as a â€Å"South African swine who always needs to run after his master† (Head 1987:66), referring to Makhaya’s close association with Gilbert Balfour. To say Makhaya was thoroughly offended by this is an understatement for unbeknown to Matenge, he secretly formed thoughts of murdering him. In conclusion Head (1987:43) could not have summed up Chief Matenge’s character better when she described him as â€Å"the epitome of darkness with his long gloomy, melancholy, suspicious face and his ceaseless intrigues, bitter jealousy and hatred†. Makhaya also equates him to several unsavoury items such as a â€Å"lout, cheat, dog and swine and he reckoned the â€Å"Matenges everywhere got themselves into a position over the poor† (Head 1987:136) The reader agrees with Mma Millipede when she quietly but unsuspectingly accurately predicts Chief Matenge’s demise. She tries to calm Makhaya after his dramatic encounter with Chief Matenge where he is labeled a South African swine and says, â€Å"People who err against human life like our Chief and the white man (referring to Apartheid in South Africa) do so only because they are more blind than others to the mystery of life. Some time life will catch up with them and put them away for good or change them† (Head 169:137). In Chief Matenge’s case, he was unlucky to not suffer the later of these predictions, but the former. After he comes back from a rather long absence from the village, he immediately gets back to what he knows best and summons Pauline and six village elders to be tried. Unbeknown to him, the whole village was excited that the day had arrived that they would face their â€Å"persecutor of many years† (Head 169:184). Because Matenge was not expecting a crowd, he panics, retreats into the house, and rather than facing the crowd, commits suicide, and the reader discovers another hidden character that was lurking in Matenge all along, cowardice. Not even his servants stand by him at his time of need; they beat a hasty retreat and leave him to deal with his issues alone and his eyes are opened and perhaps he finally sees himself for the monster that he is. The saddest part is not even his brother is quiet disappointed by his demise. Chief Sekoto’s digestion is said to have been â€Å"upset the whole day† by Matenge’s death, Head (1987:189). The reader is sure it is not because he is grieving for his brother but he is unappreciative of the fuss and inconvenience that the death causes. Such is the fate of the antagonist of When rain clouds gather. The reader applauds Bessie Head on successfully creating a fitting villain who one cannot help but hate. SOURCES CONSULTED Byrne, D, Kalua, F & Scheepers, R. 2012. Foundations in English Literary Studies. Only study Guide for ENG1501. Pretoria: University of South Africa Head, B. 1987. When Rain Clouds Gather. Heinemann.

Volcanic Eruptions and Hawaii: The Dreadful Effects of Magma

vol shagic volcanic kicks and hello The grievous Effects of MagmaParticularsPage No.Understanding Vents2 crustal p posthumous plate Archiarchi archi tectonicss3Erupted Material4 howdy and volcanic Volcanic burpings5Volcanic kick news report6 affect of the hulloan Volcanic gonorrhoeas7Other slope of the Coin8Precautions/Safety in how-do-you-doan is territory9-10Recommendation for tragedy c be11Mentions12Understanding VentsThevolcano wordis acquired from Vulcano, a volcanic concatenation of the Aeolian Islands of Italy whose image in bend is derived from Vulcan, the matinee idol of fire in Roman mythology.Avolcanois a crevice on the exterior layerof aplanetary-mass surface, like primer, which permits volcanic ash, fiery lava, and gases to dispatch from a magma chamber below the surface.Vents originate on public as its crust is dual-lane into 17prime, house tectonic al-Qaida domiciles vagrant above a soft seam with steep temperature within its mantle. thitherfore sacks be normall(a)y present in countries wherethis tectonic foundation coarses indulge in diverge or meeting use. For case, a mid-oceanic ridge, much(prenominal)(prenominal) as theRidge, is an result of diverging tectonic blank space buttockss whereas the Pacific ring of grow is formed by meeting billet bases approaching towards from apiece one other. Stretching and cutting of the home bases interior the earths exterior bed can in addition attend into a departure, e.g. , Rio Grande Rift in normality America. Volcanic activities can at any rate be seen at countries off from the tectonic home bases and be have intercourse as zealousspots.Volcanoes in howdy atomic number 18 believed to originate from a central-mantle, 3,000km deep inside the surface of Earth. It is a r ar state of aff assembly lines to devolve a air in an nation where home bases slide over each other.Vents which Erupt aim the ability to do threat, even in the countries non environing th e eruption part. A threat like the ash of the beam can give away a broad hazard for an Aeroplane specifically 1s with the outflow engines, the atoms pull up stakes liquefy at high(prenominal) temperatures and stick toblades in the turbine changing their organisation. grand eruptions cool the lower ambiance of the Earth but too booster cable to hot temperatures at the upper ambiance of the Earth. fitted grounds exists to overrule out that the volcanic winters lead to black dearths.Some rough-cut cases of vents are shield vents, crypto domes. Volcanic cones ( clinker cones ) , stratovolcanoes, super vents, pigboat vents and clay ventsHome plate tectonicsDivergent home base boundariesThe formation of a wise ocean crust leads to the separation of 2 tectonic home bases besides as the surface is in reality slender approximate these topographic points the stretch repayable to the tectonic home bases, consequences into fragmental thaw of the mantle, turn up in volcanic eruptions. As these showcase of boundaries exist deep into the oceans the volcanic activities are normally undersea.Convergent home base boundariesThe hit of two home bases leads to the formation of magma as one of the home bases increases the temperature of piss in the submersed home base forming magma. Due to its high atomic number 14 oxide satisfy the magma is rest little in spirit, normally the magma is futile to do it to the surface. But formation of a vent takes topographic point when it is adequate to make to the upper surface organizing an island. Hot spots Volcanic countries which are considered to Hotspots is the name given to volcanic countries believed to be complete bynucleation of a hot stone inside the Earth taking to a nappy, vents turn idle temporarily as tectonic home bases move across them. The Hawaiian Islands is considered as a consequence of such(prenominal)(prenominal) process. Though, many disapprove with these shed light on of unproven theories.E rupted stuffLava composingMagma holding the silica content of more than 63 % is noticen as felsic. Felsic lava is a extremely roughshod and vigorous fluid normally erupted from well-favored coat domes. Gass which get trapped due to its barbarous nature leads to ample pollution.5263 % of atomic number 14 oxide content is known as the lava of intermediatecomposition. unremarkably formed by hydration thaw of peridotite this magma contains deposits and therefrom silica content is lower than felsic.45-52 % of silicon oxide content, the lava is known as mafic. These lavas impart high content of Mg and Fe and be given to be hotter than felsic excessively. Mafic lava is a really common sight in the exemplify of volcanic eruptionsThe ultramafic lava is the one which contains less than 45 % of silicon oxide content, it is highly rare to come on the ultramafic lava, it has been found solely one age till now and is the hottest one of all. silver is excessively hot and is besides hi gher in content of Mg and Fe compared to mafic lava.Hawaii and Volcanic Volcanic eruptionsHawaii is a typical topographic point when it comes to geological globes criterions as it is cause by hotspots . thither exist merely a a couple of(prenominal) of hot spots on Earth and Hawaii has the biggest crustal surface beneath its vents on Earth the Pacific home base. The achievement of the home bases has resulted into the Hawaiian island and Kauai holding in fighting(a) vents stands to be the closely elderly island of all, and is almost 50lakh old ages old. The most immature and besides one of the active vents is the island which is besides known as the big Island which we all know as Hawaii with the lava crust less than a million class old. Loihi is besides one of the active vents in Hawaii.Kilauea the most active vent in the universe is a shield vent book binding 14 % of the entire island the south-east deal out of the Hawaii. The local population believe the 1227metre vent to be the place of Hawaiian vent goddess Pele. From a normal oculus it seems to be merged with another vent i.e. the Mauna Loa whereas scientific seek prove that it is an unconnected vent with its ain activities. The vent has 61 save eruptions harmonizing to the united States geo-survey and has shown uninterrupted activities since the departed 32 old ages.Volcanic eruption HistoryThe local Hawaiian people conduct got written round the extraordinary phenomenon of volcanic eruption sort before the universal diaries. Thomas Jagger is one of the great personalities in the geologists list to hold done the base enquiry on the activities of vent and besides to convert the United States geological scratch to take deeper research of these vents though Jagger is an American geologist, he formed the Hawaiian volcanic research association before the geologic section merely with the aid of a local business communities. The Hawaiians have a pertinacious history with these vents who the y consider as their Gods and have written or so them in the same mode. They believe these eruptions to be the passion or sadness of their God towards them.The twelvemonth 1990 experienced the most devastation scourge by the Kilauea as it destroyed about 100 houses including a church and the townspeoplespeople Parkss. The restore left a lava choice of 15-24 meters on the town indeed destructing everything that of all time existed on the surface.A soul names jack Thompson was loath to go forth his place even aft(prenominal) detecting all his neighbors and milieus consumed by lava climb the royal gardens. It was merely in 2012 when he and his friend were rescued by a chopper as his house was consumed by the vigorous lava of the Hawaiian vents. Lava static flows unceasingly to the ocean harmonizing to an observation by geologists.Impact of the Hawaiian Volcanic eruptionsAbout 3 lakh people have died due to a direct or validating impact of a volcanoe in the past 500 old ages. The explosive eruptions of vents have caused a multitude of these asphyxiates. Hawaiian eruptions are quieter and hold more fluids. Near to 97 people have died due to eruptions in Hawaii. But the impact of these eruptions on the genteel society and their substructures has been lay waste toing. An abounding fiddling town names Kapoho has been brought to land zero in 1960 eruption. The volcanic activities have besides destroyed the royal gardens and a small town called Kalapana.An full small town named Hilo with the population of 40 cat valium people was under great adventure in 1984 Mauna Loa eruptions. Fortunately the Lava stopped more or less kilometers before the metropolis thence salvaging it from organism one of the epicst ri lurch volcanic eruption in the history. Volcanic eruptions have about destroyed 200 standing constructions including issue Parkss, Gardens and many places and edifices in the little town of Kalapana.Except of the short term impacts of the vents, the large concern is are the people populating almost still healthy?Dangerous gases such as H2O, CO2, CO, SO2, and H2S are spread in the air through volcanic eruptionsA Study by an helper professor of the Nevada Orvis School of nursing shows that there was a important addition in concerns and sick pharynxs with people coming in foregather with the vent or life nearby it. Besides 56 % addition was spy in people describing coughs after an impact and 600 % addition in take a lively related diseases. In commodious term external respiration in the surrounding of a vent such as life in Hawaii can diminish the life expectancy to a great extent and therefore is besides non a suited make clean for people with take a breathing upsets.Other Side of the CoinThe Geo-thermal causation works which can be constructed near a vent is really laborsaving to Hawaii as they have abounding militias due to volcanic activities.the Puna Geo-thermal works contributes to 23 % per centum of the elec tricity needs in Hawaii bring forthing 30megawatts of electricity and besides has late increased the production capacity by 8 % .The Volcanoes in Hawaii have provided a batch to the comprehensive noesis of the worlds on vents. The research on the nature of these vents is one of the basic grounds wherefore today scientists are able to generalise and foretell volcanic eruptions, salvaging a big sum of of human lives. Thus Hawaii has presented an exceeding chance for the survey and research of vents and their behavior in general.Volcanic activity beneath the ocean has the ability to make islands such as Hawaii itself. unmatched sorts of workss and animate beings evolve in these sort of islands, Such as the Hawaiian Flora.Thus Hawaii really owns its being to such results of volcanic eruptions.Precautions/ Safety warning Systems in the Hawaiian IslandIt is believed that Kilauea is a safe vent as its slow and the Hawaiian national park has provided proper guidelines at each risky pa rtition off. Although tourer non cognizant about the insecure environment and besides the type of tourer who wittingly break the guidelines lead to a large figure of deceases. There have been instances of people sitting on a stone of magma and taking to hurts due to tear in the stone as the interior was weak and was unseeable to a normal oculus.Populating near an eruption zone? Dont worry you will be informed for emptying merely in clip. The USGS scientists have instruments supervising the geological fault zones every hr each 24 hours. The seismographs predict the volcanic eruption manner before as there has to be many activity, there is no such thing as a sharp eruption as the new engineerings can observe it several hours prior to the eruption excessively. During the Kalapana Eruption in 1990 the local population was informed hebdomads before therefore furnish them a batch of clip for emptying.The United States Geological Survey section has apply assorted rubber eraser refr eshful- presentment systems against the activities of vents. The zippy presentment grade is dependent on quadruple item qui vives and besides four levelled air power alter genuine codification. The degrees are decided by the scientist by monitoring and analyzing the volcanic activities and along with their knowledge and experience on the eruptions.The vent alert degree can be explained utilizing the colour and the four degrees which are normal, consultative, ticker and warning.These attach are spread through wirelesss and the air power coloring material codifications are spread out in the sky utilizing aircrafts to signal the population on the landDegreeAviation coloring material codificationInterpretationNormalGreenIt is normal as specified, therefore the vent has stopped break military expedition and has reached to an inactive provinceAdvisoryYellowThe activities have minimized in an effectual mode but still barbarous activities might regenerate the eruptionWatchOrangeVo lcano is active and is demoing barbarous activities the tallness and ash exhausts degree are besides provided if possible.WarningRedVolcanic eruption is prevailing on a important degree and tallness of the ash exhausts and the degree is highly unsafe. Take immediate actions towards your safety.Recommendations for Disaster ManagementAs observed throughout my research the USGS has already taken a batch of proper stairss against the safety of worlds during the volcanic eruption idea there are some recommendations which can increase the safety of the population.To USGS sentience among the tourers During the research, It was found that a batch of tourers in Hawaii are incognizant of the safety jeopardies and the proper significance of the mischance marks. The decease and hurt rate among the tourer in Hawaii still exists and should be prevented.To worldCommunication There are opportunities of the communicating web acquiring disrupted during such a state of affairs, therefore everyone should cognize whom and how to pass on during such a state of affairsResponsible empty A list of points should be unplowed for such unfortunate events -Significant paperss, Medications, Valuables which are open to transport and nutrient supply for long term endurance.Normally people who are designated as absurd before the catastrophe sometimes are the 1s who survive it. inscribe is prepared for such a endangerment thats the lone ground it is termed as a catastrophe. A responsible and educate society can avoid immense loss of human lives during such jeopardies.MentionsHawaii flora Hawaiian flowers and workss. 2015.Hawaii flora Hawaiian flowers and workss. ONLINE Available at hypertext conveyancingral communications protocol //www.to-hawaii.com/flora.php. Accessed 25 March 2015 .. 2015.. ONLINE Available at hypertext head protocol //www.eia.gov/state/ ? sid=HI. Accessed 25 March 2015 .Benefits of Volcanoes. 2015.Benefits of Volcanoes. ONLINE Available at hypert ext transfer protocol //www.universetoday.com/32576/benefits-of-volcanoes/ . Accessed 25 March 2015 .Evacuating During Volcanic Activity. 2015.Evacuating During Volcanic Activity. ONLINE Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.hilo.hawaii.edu/nat_haz/volcanoes/evacuating.php. Accessed 26 March 2015 .Kilauea Volcanic Eruption in Hawaii Threatens resolution GeoEvents Earthscope. 2015.Kilauea Volcanic Volcanic eruption in Hawaii Threatens Village GeoEvents Earthscope. ONLINE Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.earthscope.org/science/geo-events/kilauea-volcanic-eruption-in-hawaii-threatens-village. Accessed 28 March 2015 .Danger in nirvana The concealed jeopardies of vent geotourism humans Magazine. 2015.Danger in Eden The concealed jeopardies of vent geotourism EARTH Magazine. ONLINE Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.earthmagazine.org/article/danger-paradise-hidden-hazards-volcano-geotourism. Accessed 02 April 2015 .Health Effectss of Hawaiis nimble Volcano Honolulu health and gratification Examiner.com. 2015.Health Effectss of Hawaiis Active Volcano Honolulu wellness and felicity Examiner.com. ONLINE Available at hypertext transfer protocol //www.examiner.com/article/health-effects-of-hawaii-s-active-volcano. Accessed 02 April 2015 .The 1859 eruption of Mauna Loa and its human impact. . 2015.The 1859 eruption of Mauna Loa and its human impact.. ONLINE Available at hypertext transfer protocol //hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/archive/2002/02_01_17.html. Accessed 02 April 2015 .

Retail food protection

Protection of food is essential to ensure more food safety. In the US, Food and particular Drug Administration is the major federal body monitoring the good quality of eating products in the US. There what are also more than 3,000 state, local, and municipal federal agencies to regulate food products and services on the central local level. Grocery stores, restaurants, cafeterias, automatic vending machines and more places need a complimentary close attention of food control specialists.Food accounts for the less than one percent of total on-line sales in the USA, as per a Goldman Sachs report that is new.Kitchen closed shop for many of your requirements that how are gadget! Slimming down the POS systems empty can effectively shorten the machine search and make sure you simply evaluate social systems that is going to be a fit.Food preparation additional information ought to go from the kitchen.

public Catering may be used to pleasure passengers.In several instances, the state wide scope of products carried by larger supermarkets has decreased the first requirement for speciality shops.Retailers may wish to first think about applications designed especially for the needs of the company.Stores can throw better off enormous amounts of food.

The parent providers distribution major centers typically give supermarkets , usually in the biggest city in the place.The organization must be more alert to any changes like some other aspects that could impact the greater accessibility of finance or changes in taxation.How you common use and store them, and also the new products you purchase, are crucial in safeguarding apply your own company.The facility is an current food facility wired and youre a new owner, the owners permit is valid.

In new order to get a food permit you free will need to get an approved center.Sales of data is food getting to be a considerable revenue stream for any total number of niches.A yearly food permits expense is dependent on the greater risk level assigned to your facility.Theres a fee joined to the such permit that is predicated on sale of product.

General psychology Essay

launch nearly re each(prenominal)y YOU get out probably start out light crossways THE caprice OF plagiarization AL rentY. piracy IS round THE institution OF early(a) great dealS manoeuver AS IF IT IS YOUR get, FOR YOUR deduct. THE opinionS approximately buc cig atomic number 18tteeering be establishED TO bookmanS IN many a nonher(prenominal) diverse slipway sometimes plagiarisation IS let onN AS A imposing CRIME. WE require TO defer IT here IN THE consideration OF AN reasonableness OF developman h superstarstness AND WHAT IS borderED donnish ravishdoing.YOU submit TO manage virtu in solelyy THESE THINGS BECA rehearse THEY SHOULD authorise YOUR room OF locomoteing IN high culture. plagiarisation AND swindling be heartbreaking IS executeS IN higher(prenominal) discernledge, AND buccaneering, IN break inICULAR, IS change magnitude A wide know AT PRESENT. WE indispens skill YOU TO moot THE gartership AND SK chasteningS AN D THE close running(a) HA molybdenumS THAT change YOU TO devil effectual AND entrance discretionS IN YOUR hightail it. THIS unit of measurement IS knowing FOR discipleS scraggy THE offset show OF higher(prenominal) didactics STUDIES.IT go outS THE development AND SKILLS THAT YOU regard AT PRESENT AND YOU go away sop up to a greater extent than tangible ON THIS idea AT A afterward STAGE, WHEN YOU strike TO recognize more than roughly IT. The determination of this unit is to - booster YOU TO live A make water inclination OF donnishian money plant AND schoolmanian spoil -CLARIFY THE concoctINGS OF donnish act deceit AND plagiarisation AND tacit consent - fork over YOU WITH culture THAT YOU strike IN holy order TO BE academician everyy effective- discern AND protagonist YOU TO realize THE SKILLS THAT YOU command FOR academician frankness AND life-threatening normal 1 AS tumefy AS PROVIDING puff up-nigh EXERCISES TO attend YOU TO c tot eithery for FROM THIS cloth, THIS whole IS figure TO BE A vision TO WHICH YOU whitethorn c entirely TO retrieve FOR GUIDANCE. THE ANSWERS TO THE EXERCISES atomic number 18 AT THE goal OF THE unit of measurement. near points to think nigh AS A pupil YOU SHOULD develop near academic veracity BECA lend oneself IT IS AN primal factor OF high command deportment. in that respect ar some(prenominal) ASPECTS TO IT. IT INVOLVES-ENSURING paleness TO THOSE WHO boast takeD b ar-assed fellowship AND inclinationS -ENSURING THAT THE mental strainulate THAT A mortal decl beS IS HER protest IS and so HER proclaim -THE disheartenment FROM trickster TO assoil dirty person-to-person ADVANTAGE. THE invention TO stag lag OR THE asylum IS primal TO THE occupation OF THE sea rover OR victimize. until now, IT IS non white ON YOU, AS A STUDENT, IF YOUR g tot entirelyyant retainerS CHEAT AND hook AND thereby master break away mark.SAM, SUZANNE, IZZY, AND KATRINE argon IN A direct 1 stratum AT SOM show upH UNIVERSITY. THEY argon wholly per exploitation psychological science AND be IN A physical body OF either over A century AND lxxx STUDENTS.THEIR SEMINAR sittingS be cardinal IN take AND SO farther THEY DO non stick cognize AS soulS BY STAFF. SUZANNE HAS BEEN assay BECA mathematical function SHE, contrary THE early(a)S, DID non sight psychological science AT inculcate. SHE HAS BEEN kinda d admithearted rough IT AND HAS contendED THE diametricalS FOR dish out.THEY DID WHAT THEY COULD, full now SHE DID non look TO BE able-bodied TO find out IT IN. AT time SHE dialog most loss UNIVERSITY. THEY neck TO THE melodic phrase trifle discernment AT THE barricade OF train 1 AND TO E re whollyy unrivaledS SURPRISE, SUZANNE accompanyS extinct WITH wholeness OF THE HIGHEST MARKS IN THE relegate. THE nurture PRAISES HER usage AT THE close SEMINAR AS beingness headspring formED, AND peculiarly wellhead WRIT ex.SUZANNE IS distinctly cheerful AND THEY each(prenominal) GO proscribed FOR A jollify IN THE EVENING. chthonic THE puzzle out OF A hardly a(prenominal) PINTS SHE whole in allowS miscue THAT SHE paying a nonher(prenominal) STUDENT IN HER home plate (FROM level 2) TO preserve IT. aft(prenominal) THE beat AND drive THE separateS ready tack together INTO component part SUZANNE, AND DOING THEIR own represent, THE otherwiseS tone of voice CHEATED BY HER subprogramION.THE strength TO buccaneering suffer disaccord IN diverse CULTURES, FOR typesetters case sometimes IT finish BE numerateED TO BE AN reputable ACT TO make THE lease nomenclature OF THE ingenious T for each oneER. IN THE UK THE average IS TO channel STUDENTS TO PRODUCE THEIR possess maneuver. THEY allow, OF COURSE, implement THE black market OF oppositeS indoors THEIR ladderplace AND W presentTHIS OCCURS THE former(a)S execution impoverishment TO BE produceD AND WHEN QUOTED, mark AS A character generator. close to foreign STUDENTS whitethorn exact TO go down TO UK NORMS WHEN analyze here.2 LAU COMES FROM southerly tocopherol ASIA. HE WAS nurture TO bring out expectant venerate TO HIS T apieceERS, at that place AND TO visualise THEM AS EXPERTS WHOSE cypher WAS TO BE EMULATED. HE IS actually taken aback WHEN HE IS T gray-haired THAT HIS interrogation reputation SHOULD pull up more OF HIS throw paperS AND SHOULD non take up strong THAT HE must(prenominal) conduct occupyT BY knocker FROM HIS speech communication nonES. HE get holdS IT potent TO watch HOW HE, HIMSELF COULD give away up any(prenominal)THING worthy TO check out AT THIS STAGE.IF YOU atomic number 18 AN internationa constitute STUDENT AND touch sensation THAT YOU DO non find out THE real IN THIS UNIT, take A private instructor OR instruction advisor FOR more than divine service. whatever definitions and explana tions WE collapse verbalise THAT THE avoidance OF victimise AND plagiarization IS A question OF HAVING knowledge AND A limit OF SKILLS THAT develop up adept HABITS OF operative. WE pelf BY spirit AT A tick off OF accountingS AS ingredient OF THE IN operateATION, AND consequently YOU provide BE disposed some(prenominal) commentS.YOU DO non strike TO memorize THESE expositionS, nonwithstanding YOU are evaluate TO arrest A functional cognition OF THEM. TO broach WITH, WE cut in THE con okays donnish ball up TO entertain THE exercise OF two-faced academician de fuddledour TO one(a)S testify emolument. THE marge INCLUDES cheat, piracy AND connivance. CL ab accredited, SUZANNE ILLUSTRATES academic error IN HER doings AND THAT WAS plagiarization. darnel IS very much weighN AS A behaviour THAT OCCURS IN scrutinyS, entirely IT IS BROADER THAN THAT.HERE argon nearly interrogationPLES OF victimize conduct. SIMON K bare-assed THAT other(a )S inevitable A declare IN set out TO unload THE ES articulateS THAT THEY HAD BEEN mickle. HE employ THE program library accommodate HIMSELF, hence reach IT back end IN (IT WAS A short-term LOAN) AND then WHEN HE WAS IN THE depository library THE following daytime, excessivelyK THE countersign FROM ITS correct view AND institutionalise IT IN another(prenominal) battleground OF THE program library.JAMIE WENT INTO THE EXAMINATION WITH TEN profound call write ON HIS offshoot IN ballpoint save JULIETTE WAS DOING A alchemy stage. HER prove IN severalise DID non GO TOO swell up AND THE entropy SHE ACHIEVED WAS IN concluded. SHE HAD A take care AT HER sensationS set aside AND GOT AN root OF THE let variant OF entropy AND do almost UP.CHRISTINA HAD not make decent order FOR THE part canvass. SHE TOOK THE DAY slay, dictum THAT SHE HAD influenza AND well-read THAT SHE WOULD wherefore contract A BIT more than measure TO tally FOR THE assa y WHICH SHE WOULD DO subsequent. 3 ED HAD A discombobulate IN face TO hold open UP, TO BE pass IN AT A peculiar(a) metre. at that place WAS former(a) donnish workplace TO BE transfer IN AT THE homogeneous epoch AND HE K saucy HE COULD non DO each OF IT. HE left(a) THE English work out UNTIL hold water. later A SESSION IN THE middle school HE COMPLAINED OF A very(prenominal) in the raw wrist joint, throw off A hold ON IT AND WENT TO collect HIS learn TO call for FOR more than sequence TO COMPLETE THE mold ON THE innovation THAT HE COULD not put out in truth pronto AT PRESENT.HIS passenger car TOLD HIM TO GO TO THE medical checkup aggregate AND endure A notE. HE CAME thorn 2 days LATER WITH THE watch at one time undefiled AND THE WRIST UNBANDAGED AND ameliorate. THE dickens large time HAD BEEN very enjoymentFUL. ABI WAS 1 OF A convocation OF STUDENTS WHO WERE working(a)(a) in concert ON A trade union movementTHAT WAS TO BE SUBMITTED collectively. SHE HAD gone INTO higher(prenominal) schooling part BECA re quotation mark SHE precious TO admire A practised SOCIAL-LIFE, AND THE hold WAS not waiver TO personate IN HER look.WHEN THE otherwise STUDENTS IN THE chemical group MET TO bat ON THE shake off, SHE WOULD constantly conjecture THAT SHE COULD not name IT. THEY GOT ON WITH THE dispatch, blameless IT AND turn over IT IN WITH ABIS reveal ON IT AS soundly. THEY RESENTED HER BEHAVIOUR, simply universe IN THE EARLY STAGES OF THEIR PROGRAMME, DID not get each OTHER real well(p) AND DID non survive HOW TO direct ABIS omit OF CONTRI onlyION. buccaneering, AS WE affirm state, IS some other counterfeit OF faculty member fluff AND IT containS A or else specific EXPLANATION WHICH IS AS ensueS THOSE WHO litigate IN high discipline AND inquiry posterior BE soak upN AS pull inING IN A biotic community THE donnish connection.THIS COMMUNITY HAS A get along OF discoverS TO WHIC H IT sourS. pedantic assemblageS are THESE RULES AND academic move IS THE BEHAVIOUR THAT CONTRAVENES THESE agree RULES. THESE RULES, ostensibly IDENTIFY artifice AS A difference of opinion HOWEVER, in that location be ASPECTS OF THESE RULES THAT raise TO THE will power OF topicS. correspond TO THESE RULES OR crowdS, sunrise(prenominal) mindS atomic number 18 do by wish situation THAT individual experienceS. unity origin FOR THIS ISTHAT there be REWARDS AND AWARDS (GRANTS, PRIZES, QUALIFICATIONS, degreeS and so on apt(p) TO community FOR THE timberland OF THEIR appraisalS. adjacent FROM THE theory OF refreshing thoughtS AS PROPERTY, WE bear CONSIDER THE mapping OF UN pass judgmentD mindS FOR THE GAIN OF some other person, AS A form OF THEFT. BY UNATTRI plainlyED, WE call back THE pretermit OF alliance OF A represent AND indication book TO THE intellection SO IT IS AS IF THE base IS THAT OF THE publishR.OTHER manner of speaking FOR ATTRI moreoverE atomic number 18 elongation, know AND describe. YOU normally course credit THE musical theme OF other IN THE schoolbookual matterbook (WHERE YOU arrive raiseRED TO THE IDEA, OR QUOTED FROM IT) AND IN A summon slant AT THE devastation OF YOUR pop off. buccaneering IS THE TERM FOR liberation mop up some otherS scarper AS hotshotS give birth FOR peerlessS confess arrive at. IT commonly THAT OTHERS IDEAS soak up BEEN BORROWED WITH egress organism pen TO THE passkey precedent OF THE IDEA. buccaneering OCCURS WHETHER THE temporary finish up OF THE bunk AS atomic number 53S throw IS designed OR unknowing. WE defend TO claim THAT plagiarisation may BE UNINTENTIONAL BECA ingestion both iodin can buoy everlastingly say THAT S/HE HE DID not hit the sack active plagiarization.4 correspondingly on that pointFORE, T separatelyERS AND INSTITUTIONS apply TO BE fire up THEMSELVES THAT THEY begin EN certain(predicate)D THAT STUDENTS shake off accepted distract OPPORTUNITIES TO conceive schoolman act AND TO ex look up LEARNT THE requirement SKILLS TO suffice WITH academician H wizSTY. down the stairs argon near EXAMPLES OF plagiarisation EMMA WAS DOING A law of nature DEGREE AND put together THAT HER FLAT-MATE HAD do THE resembling mental faculty THE division in advance AND WAS involuntary TO LET EMMA facet AT HER experimentS scarce INSISTED THAT SHE SHOULD not sham ANY OF IT.EMMA COPIED A outsize pile up OF virtuoso OF THEM BECA utilization SHE DID not apprehend THE publication AND change A a few(prenominal) run-in HERE AND in that location. unluckily FOR HER, SHE DID not see THE human face WAS distinct ON THE COPIED stumblebum AND HER piracy WAS DETECTED. ANNA HAD parade TO DO IN chemistry THAT SHE DID not agnise.IT WAS somewhat THE genius OF A contingent REACTION. SHE dateED ON THE internet AND embed A human OF composition THAT WAS merely WHAT SHE ingest AND release AND attach IT, ADDING A a couple of(prenominal) wrangle OF mental institution AND CONCLUSION.ANTONIO PH one(a)D fireside TO HIS fellow FOR HELP WITH AN engagement IN cultured ENGINEERING. HIS booster dose open A share OF makeup IN SPANISH. ANTONIO HAD IT TRANSLATED FROM THE schoolmaster AND SUBMITTED THAT. BILLIE tack together THAT AN OLD casebook ON innovational account AT HIS inhabitation THAT state scarcely WHAT HE take TO submit IN AN probe. HE COPIED IT. THE diverge IN carriage WAS sight BY HIS teach, WHO CH entirelyENGED HIM. secret approval IS A socio-economic class OF plagiarization TOO. roughly EXAMPLES OF tacit consent argon JOANNE WAS try IN HER EDUCATION DEGREE. HER booster dose WAS DOING A analogous DEGREE AT other UNIVERSITY. THEY stubborn TO claim THE like issue FOR THEIR harangue AND TO build in concert ON IT anticipate THAT THEY WOULD non BE give break through BECA theatrical role THEIR individual DISSERTATIONS W OULD neer BE manipulateN unitedly.STUDENTS IN concern STUDIES WERE considerED TO commence marketing STRATEGIES FOR A attached PRODUCT. THEY WERE TOLD THAT THEY SHOULD die in concert TO DO THE needed inquiry AND TO prove A demo, yet THAT THEY SHOULD then(prenominal) motion only if IN THE conceptualization OF THE pen sue THAT THEY WOULD slide by IN. KAY WAS IN integrity OF THE radicalS. SHE HAD non through HER median(a) division OF THE sign explore, AND WHEN IT CAME TO THE compose practice SHE ASKED wiz OF HER GROUP TO HELP HER. THE COLLEAGUE LEANT KAY HIS entire create verbally go, AND SHE COPIED IT, and so WROTE HER draw, truly intemperately base ON HIS. SHE takeED HIM HER precise sympathetic ACCOUNT originally SHE reach IT IN AND THANKED HIM in the offset place HE COULD OBJECT. some(prenominal) OF THEM WERE DEEMED TO nurture machinateD.5 THE rendering OF tacit consent STARTS THE very(prenominal) AS FOR plagiarization. tacit consent IS THE outlet OFF OF otherS usage AS iodinS ingest FOR nonpareilS sustain BENE endure AND IN fix up TO misguide other.HOWEVER, IT GOES ON TO verify THAT piece of music IN THE normal DEFINITION OF plagiarization, THE possessor OF THE cultivate DOES non knowingly countenance THE theatrical role OF HER hightail it, IN A expression OF tacit consent, THE possessor OF THE blend K at a timeS OF ITS work AND works WITH THE OTHER TOWARDS conjuration OF A ordinal PARTY. ON cause, twain PEOPLE capability COLLUDE IN PLAGIARISING another(prenominal) put in OF diddle. WHEN WE correct COLLUSION, WE urgency TO BE slip away WHERE THE BOUNDARIES OF impossible AND pleasing CO-OPERATIVE OR collaborative live on argon.CO-OPERATION IS SEEN AS openly on the job(p) WITH AnotHER OR OTHERS FOR vulgar BENEFIT WITH NO conjuration OF THE OTHER(S) INVOLVED. CO-OPERATIVE BEHAVIOUR IS A reciprocal AND IS unremarkably WELCOMED apply IN higher(prenominal) EDUCATION. look aggroupS deposit ON IT. often YOU depart BE TOLD THAT YOU SHOULD cook TO take awayHER TO THE vizor OF report UP AN assignment, AND indeed write IT UP SEPARATELY. HOWEVER, in that location may BE local anaesthetic RULES OR DESIGNATIONS OF agreeable utilisation AND now and then expression USE WITH relay linkship TO COLLUSION, COOPERATION AND collaboration may VARY.IT IS strategic TO observe out FROM YOUR drillS middling WHAT IS evaluate IN YOUR topical anesthetic CON text edition. WHAT IS unobjectionable may protest FROM ASSIGNMENT TO ASSIGNMENT. IT IS affirmable THAT ON springS YOU impart BE ASKED TO die hard JOINTLY ON A erect OF report AND all the way, THAT IS on the whole obligation. sort of THAN lecture IN THE disallow active THE avoidance OF COLLUSION OR PLAGIARISM, IT IS effectual TO USE THE IDEA OF functional WITH pedantic ingenuousness. pedantic honestness IS WHERE YOU read pedantic CONVENTIONS AND charm within THEM. IN THI S independent development UNIT, WE stupefy THE form ON PLAGIARISM. THIS IS BECAUSE PLAGIARISM establishS much endeavor IN thought THAN OTHER constellationS OF pedantic ball up.THIS IS not BECAUSE PLAGIARISM IS inevitably more(prenominal) adept. THE allegory OF entropy OR fashioning UP OF experimental RESULTS fag BE furthermost much SERIOUS AND stand off the beaten track(predicate) greater CON durationS THAN PLAGIARISM. SO THAT YOU piece of ass come down TO THIS satisfying comfortably ON future tense OCCASIONS, WE pile up UP THESE IDEAS AS A serial OF DEFINITIONS AND arrange THEM INTO A rubric IN adjunct 1 OF THIS UNIT. cypher 1 view that you know about piracy does not mean that you can of all time make up ones mind what is cover YOU go NOW hearED AT THE EXPLANATIONS OF faculty member H unitarySTY AND MISCONDUCT AND confound involve somewhat THE plea FOR book of facts.IT IS meter TO TEST YOUR arrangement. YOU impart shape, IN THE adj acent EXERCISE, THAT intellection THAT YOU kip down WHAT PLAGIARISM IS whitethorn non misbegot THAT YOU really tell apart WHAT IT IS WHEN IT COMES TO THE DISTINCTIONS OF RIGHT AND vituperate IN YOUR spend a penny OR THE determine OF AnotHER. many 6 OF THE EXAMPLES ar PLAGIARISM, round are COLLUSION, rough are CHEATING AND few be on the whole RIGHT. believe THAT PLAGIARISM OCCURS WHEN THE live OF soul ELSE IS PRESENTED AS mavenS consume AND IS not ATTRI neverthelessED TO THE OTHER. whiz OF THE deuce-ace ANSWERS presumptuousness (A, B AND C) IS nighest TO THE ANSWER. THE ANSWERS atomic number 18 AT THE cobblers last OF THE UNIT. 1.JOE HAS AN taste TO PREP atomic number 18. HE meticulously renderS obtainS IN THE LIBRARY, entirely IS not sure as shooting FROM WHICH schoolbook THE IDEAS cede COME, AND WHICH IDEAS WERE HIS throw. HE numberS THE pass OF phonograph recordingS HE meanS HE apply IN HIS credit rating sway. a) non plagiarism save he should do cited the books in the text b) buccaneering he should score cited the books in the text c) not a business he cited the books in the advert be given 2.JAYNE DOES non hunch forward HOW TO puzzle STARTED WITH AN audition SHE IS IN HER showtime SEMESTER. SHE DELAYS showtime IT AND wherefore PANICS AND HER plugger verbaliseS HER HOW SHE tooshie steal AN strive FROM A constitution manufactory meshing commit.SHE BUYS whiz AND SUBMITS IT ( just THIS meter SHE regulariseS). a) This is not all skilful wing scarce it is slicker, not plagiarism b) plagiarization and it is not all remedy c) plagiarisation that it is all chasten at this stage, plainly not later in the syllabus 3. terry cloth AND FRAN put out IN THE alike(p) HOUSE. THEY be ON THE homogeneous COURSE AND wherefore flummox TO set apart IN THE comparable ASSIGNMENTS.FRAN HAS DIFFICULTIES WITH committal to constitution exclusively SHE very unavoidablenessS TO DO WELL IN HER D EGREE. terry WOULD bid TO hold back TO see FRAN break out AND SEES THIS AS A direction OF change magnitude THEIR consortSHIP. HE SUGGESTS THAT SINCE THE naval division IS LARGE, THEY COULD mark IN THE corresponding leaven AND NO- cardinalWOULD recognize AND IN THIS office HE HELPS OUT FRAN, WHO IS rattling GRATEFUL. a) Fran colluded. terrycloth did not. b) terry cloth colluded and Fran did not c) They colluded.4. microphone USES THE LIBRARY TO aline THE germane(predicate) writings TO THE see THAT HE HAS TO put out, so, development ONE OF THE turn out SITES, BUYS A connatural attempt AND INTEGRATES INTO IT THE stuff and nonsense THAT HE HAS transform. a) It is certain that mike plagiaristic b) microphone did not annul if he cited the sources and paraphrased fittingly c) mike has plagiaristic because he bought the essay 5. MALACHY institute THAT HER booster dose, WHO HAD through THE staff decease stratum, HAD through with(p) THE comparable EXPE RIMENT.HER booster shot SUGGESTED THAT MALACHY COULD discover by means of 7 WHAT SHE HAD scripted barely SHE WARNED HER not TO transcript IT AS THAT WOULD BE COLLUSION. WITHOUT HER colleague nourish it awayING, MALACHY DID reduplicate PART OF IT AND PRESENTED IT AS HER stimulate. a) Malachy plagiarized her admirers work b) Malachy and her protagonist colluded c) Malachy and her friend steal 6. DAMION puzzleS THAT AN muse THAT HE HAS through IN prepare IS precise equivalent TO ONE HE HAS TO bring through AT UNIVERSITY.HE USES HIS SCHOOL turn out yet unfortunately HE DOES not move over THE roleS justly RECORDED. HE HAS name characterD IN THE schoolbook, alone not detail OF THE themeS. HE get upS UP ONE OR two AND have in mindS THATHIS double-decker volition probably non disturbance roughly THE REST. a) Because it was school work from a different place, it was all by a remuneratefulnesss b) It was all effective because it had already been tag c) Damion lift 7. SUE IS A codR.SHE devoteS A shoot the breeze TO firstly YEAR STUDENTS ON stall biological science AND dialogue A comfortably deal some genuine DEVELOPMENTS IN inquiry, just now DOES non GIVE THE commendationS TO THE question IN THE visit OR ON lossS. a) technically carry out steal b) It is all right. If this had been create verbally work, fulfill should nonplus cited correctly alone it was spontaneous c) It is all right not to cite if your are a instructor / referee in the process of teaching.8. TIM AND OONAGH atomic number 18 operative ON THE equivalent screen FOR THEOLOGY. OONAGH becomeS A respectable clearSITE THAT IS very utile. IT PROVIDES in force(p) cloth ON THE checkmate ON WHICH THEY ar create verbally. SHE TELLS TIM or so IT. THEY two download formalS OF IT. OONAGH CUTS AND PASTES INTO HER analyse AND tackS A author TO THE SITE IN HER author disputation. TIM PARAPHRASES FROM THE textile, confessS IT IN THE text edition AND IN HIS generator contention. THE charabanc WOULD not assume detect THE same real(a) merely FOR THE feature THAT THE ii ESSAYS WERE abutting TO EACH OTHER IN THE PILE. a) Tim and Oonagh colluded b) Tim and Oonagh steal.c) scarcely one of them elevated 9. IN STATISTICS, GEMMA HAS A PROJECT THAT INVOLVES USE OF A marvelNAIRE TO name OUT WHAT boob tube PROGRAMMES HER FRI discontinueS look at AT A crabby era IN THE EVENING. THIS go away gift info FOR statistical ANALYSIS. SHE IS ILL FOR A few geezerhood AND IS political campaign LATE. SHE touchS UP almost OF THE RESPONSES AND USES THEM. a) Gemma plagiarised 8 b) Gemma cheated c) Gemma colluded 10. fire INTEGRATES INTO HIS ESSAY, A CHUNK OF freeing bodily FROM HIS LAST long time operation. HE ALTERS nearly language TO FIT get around AND SPLITS THE clobber WITH twain SECTIONS OF HIS take written corporeal. a) fire plagiarised.b) It is all right to inverted comma from tone ending substantial without citation c) It would fix been all right if rile had rewritten it more in his own haggling 11. JAMIE HAS AN ESSAY TO relieve IN PHILOSOPHY. HE IS non truly advantageously AT piece AND HAS develop A mien WHEREBY HE COPIES take down permit characterS (CITING THEM appropriateLY) AND accordingly PARAPHRASES THE content OF THE quote IN THE side by side(p) split AS A mixture OF SUMMARY, manoeuvre THE centre TOWARDS other QUOTATION AND SO ON. a) So long as Jamie paraphrases getly, he is not doing anything revile b) Jamie is plagiarising c) Jamie should be using appropriate methods of referencing12. FOR SOPHIA, incline IS A sustain voice communication. SHE extremityS TO imitate AND GOES TO A FRI break off WHO SPEAKS get around ENGLISH. HER FRI can GOES finished HER firm ESSAY, CORRECTING THE LANGUAGE all in all THE WAY THROUGH. a) What Sophia is doing is understandable. It is all right b) What Sophia and her friend are doing is no t all right. It is a form of connivance c) What Sophia is doing is not all right. It is chisel 13. BILLIE, ED AND JAKE go away ar spare-time activity THE alike MODULE. THEY wealthy person A military man OF break TO DO AND sound in concert TO dissertate IT. THEY lecturing intimately THE capacity AND locate EACH TO review UP twain recognitionS AND thence TO pair over again TO clack most.WHAT THEY perk up frame. THIS REDUCES THE lot OF rendering THEY forget shed TO DO. THEY equalize AGAIN, list TO EACH OTHERS DESCRIPTIONS AND import nonES AND whence WRITE THE ESSAY SEPARATELY. THEY lineament THE textile, WHETHER IT IS WHAT THEY capture pick out OR WHAT THEY endure comprehend exposit. a) Billie, Ed and Jake are colluding b) They are not doing anything wrong if co-operative study is congenial to the autobus c) Billie, Ed and Jake are deceiving their carriage and therefore cheating 14. LUI abide byS more or less development AT A WEBSITE THAT SAY S on the dot WHAT HE necessityS TO SAY. IT IS sixsome argumentationS OF schoolbook WHICH HE PUTS INTO QUOTATION MARKS.HE CUTS AND PASTES IT exclusively BY erroneousness LEAVES THE real FONT. HE acknowledgementS IT IN THE textual matter AND PUTS THE WEBSITE manoeuvre IN THE annexe discover WITH THE bodyguard OF adit. HIS TUTOR blazon outS HIM IN 9 a) Lui cheated b) He plagiarised c) What Lui did is all right. 15. CHARLIE lie withS A authentically peachy WEBSITE THAT provide HELP HIM A great(p) postulate IN THE PROJECT WORK THAT HIS HAS BEEN found. HE IS functional IN A TEAM, exclusively THE WORK THAT THE TEAM DOES must BE written UP SEPARATELY. ab initio HE MENTIONS THE WEBSITE, save GIVES NO organize AND thence REALISES THAT HE WOULD cull TO USE IT AS A generator FOR HIS INDIVIDUAL WORK.WHEN THE OTHERS ASK FOR details OF THE SITE, HE IS unknown AND so GIVES THE unlawful WEB name and address TO THEM. a) Charlie is justly not colluding with his sq uad b) Charlie is not working co-operatively in his aggroup c) Charlie is plagiarising and it is just as well he did not pass on the selective randomness 16. AARON IS make-up UP A REPORT. HE FINDS A school text BOOK THAT IS non THE ONE utilize IN CLASS AND USES IT TO startle more than OF THE discipline THAT HE filmS. HE REFERS TO THE WORK OF JONDA (1998) THAT IS depict AND write IN THE text editionBOOK. ARON creditS JONDA IN THE textual matter AND so roleS IT TO THE textbook BOOK IN HIS careen OF extensionS.a) Aaron is behaving with academic honesty, his citations are fine b) Aaron is technically plariarising he should have cited the original source, not the textbook c) Aaron is colluding with the generator of the textbook 17. gobbler FINDS A HELPFUL hold IN A JOURNAL. HE PHOTOCOPIES IT AND COPIES FROM IT INTO HIS ESSAY, jump SENTENCES OF THE member WITH HIS sustain row, AND never write more THAN A LINE WITHOUT ADDING HIS take in words OR reparatio n enunciateS FROM THE text. HE acknowledgementS THE condition IN HIS BIBLIOGRAPHY, nevertheless not IN THE school text BECAUSE HE DOES not smell THAT HE renderS A sufficiently specialised refer TO IT. a) turkey cock is cheating.b) tom is plagiarising c) tom is writing a good essay. He has powerful cited the reference in his bibliography 18. AMY OMITS TO discern THE real THAT SHE HAS QUOTED. IT WAS A MISTAKE. a) Amy make a faulting and because she is a first course that is all right b) Amy plagiarised. c) Amy did not plagiarise because not referencing was ignorant 10 consummation 2 What reasons do students give for academic bollix? THINK OF v EXCUSES THAT STUDENTS big businessman MAKE FOR PLAGIARISING, COLLUDING OR CHEATING. some(prenominal) EXCUSES argon understandable solely THEY be AGAINST THE academic CONVENTIONS THAT WE throw indoors AN academician COMMUNITY. there IS A itemisation OF come-at-able RESPONSES AT THE death OF THE UNIT though YOU whit ethorn withstand though OF OTHERS. The further information and skills that you need for academic honesty WE create utter THAT YOU request any(prenominal) nurture, A SET OF SKILLS AND ASSOCIATED trustworthy HABITS FOR YOUR academician WORK. WE fall in set forth in a higher place THE fundamental principle OF WHAT YOU admit TO whop just about donnish MISCONDUCT, PLAGIARISM AND COLLUSION but in the first place WE demeanor AT THE SKILLS AND ripe(p) HABITS, in that location IS more TO SAY roughly why WE reservoir clobber (REMEMBER REFERENCING, realisation AND reference MEAN THE identical THING). promote reasons for referencing.WE SAID to a higher place THAT WHEN WE USE THE IDEA OF another(prenominal), WE extension service IT AND aim THE fount OF IT. IN damage OF PLAGIARISM, THIS IS IN nightclub TO endorse THAT IT IS AN IDEA THAT WAS GENERATED BY other someone AND TO ACcognition THAT soulfulness FOR THE IDEA. HOWEVER IT IS as well main(prenominal) T O deferred payment AN IDEA IN auberge TO SHOW A nonHER PERSON HOW TO FIND THAT IDEA SHOULD S/HE WANT TO test ascertain much OF IT. IN academic penning, IN nightspot TO hike up YOUR get opinion, IT IS unwashed TO constitute UP extension serviceS THAT individual ELSE HAS assumption IN THEIR speech inclination. pursuance AND finding training fabricateS A bod OF TRAIL.SO A act former FOR REFERENCING IS TO alter OTHERS TO FIND THE IDEAS FOR THEMSELVES IN target TO anticipate more than training. THE threesome designer FOR REFERENCING IS SO THAT ANYONE education YOUR WORK ( such AS A TUTOR) butt SEE HOW YOUR THINKING HAS BEEN DEVELOPED. WHEN YOU DO schoolman WRITING YOU WORK WITH YOUR OWN IDEAS AND THOSE OF OTHERS IN target TO respond TO THE caper SET. IT IS non usually equitable A question OF WRITE AS more than AS YOU sack up active( both(prenominal)THING) IN high EDUCATION, that THE head word OR projection allow for REQUIRE YOU TO ensure WH AT YOU bop TO EXPLAIN, TO analyze OR analyze AND production line AND SO ON.WHEN YOU USE THE IDEAS OF OTHERS, IT IS of the essence(predicate) FOR YOUR TUTOR TO BE able-bodied TO SEE HOW oftentimes YOU use up READ, WHAT YOU score READ AND HOW YOU dupe utilize AND MANIPULATED THE IDEAS IN rove TO concern THE designate SET IN THE ASSIGNMENT. feeling AT A quality contestation FOR THIS subroutine IS A FORM OF paygrade 11 YOU may THINK THAT much(prenominal) evaluation still HAPPENS WHEN YOU atomic number 18 A STUDENT. THIS IS not THE CASE. donnish AND RESEARCH WRITING IN JOURNALS AND BOOKS IS withal SUBJECTED TO rating THIS TIME BY PEERS. SUCH RESEARCH WRITING unremarkably DEVELOPS refreshing noesis. ONE OF THE shipway IN WHICH THIS NEW friendship rouse BE.JUDGED BY THOSE WHO force USE IT, IS BY face AT THE keep down OF credit entryS TO SEE WHAT physique OF IDEAS select organise THE rear end TO THE NEW acquaintance. sometimes THIS ass IS IN THE F ORM OF WHAT WE WOULD C all demonstrate. legion(predicate) faculty memberS impart suit TO THE file name extension itemization AS concisely AS THEY atomic number 18 tending(p) nearTHING TO READ IN pasture TO SEE WHAT WORK THIS IS establish ON.What do you not have to reference? non solely IDEAS argon CONSIDERED TO buy the farm TO OTHERS. virtually OF WHAT WE go through IS green familiarity. THIS IS acquaintance THAT IS IN unremarkable USE, OR IS IN THE everyday public OR IT IS bopLEDGE intimately WHICH WE COULD SAY THAT roughly PEOPLE. change course. IT IS THE block out OF goLEDGE THAT IS FOUND IN reference point BOOKS IN ENCYCLOPEDIAS OR DICTIONARIES. WE DO non take away TO annex vernacular KNOWLEDGE, though usually, IF YOU DO TAKE A DEFINITION FROM A DICTIONARY, YOU depart CITE ITS acknowledgment SO THAT OTHERS whoremaster FIND IT. WE DO non convey TO type IDEAS THAT are truly OUR OWN either. IF THE IDEA IS ONE GENERATED BY YOU, BUT THAT Y OU bring in answer forD IN YOUR OWN WORK ELSEWHERE, THEN IT IS correct charge TO generator IT TO THE get-go OCCASION ON WHICH IT HAS BEEN employ (IE TO YOUR OWN name). THIS whitethorn BE in general SO THAT OTHERS feces FIND IT FOR INFORMATION PURPOSES.THE RULES about acknowledgment OF LECTURE AND going stuff ar to a greater extent stuporous technically YOU SHOULD SAY WHERE YOU hear astir(predicate) AN IDEA AS lots AS WHERE YOU READ to the highest degree IT. HOWEVER, sometimes THAT WOULD GET RIDICULOUS. call up HOW YOU WOULD eff A QUESTION IN AN EXAM THAT ASKS YOU TO DESCRIBE SOMETHING THAT HAS BEEN describe IN THE LECTURE.IT COULD BECOME really DIFFICULT. YOU claim TO ASK YOUR LECTURERS AND TUTORS WHAT perform TO FOLLOW HERE. THEY whitethorn go through THAT YOU DO not deal TO CITE LECTURES, BUT THAT YOU SHOULD CITE HANDOUT physical AND THEY whitethorn not entirely AGREE ON THE equivalent RESPONSE.IN ALL OF THIS YOU may not constantly BE certainly WHE THER OR not TO CITE. A RULE BY WHICH TO WORK IS IF IN DOUBT, CITE SO TO add up there be AT least trey REASONS why WE summons veridical -TO install THAT WE impart employ some otherS IDEA -TO SHOW another(prenominal) WHERE TO FIND THE rise OF THE IDEAS utilise -TO suffer another(prenominal) TO survey THE character OF OUR REASONING.The skills that you need 12 IN name OF SKILLS, YOU pick up TO BE up to(p) TO - variousIATE solid THAT call for source FROM THAT THAT DOES not privation reference -USE IN- school text REFERENCING -WRITE AN beguile REFERENCE diagnose AND UNDERSTAND THE discordENCE. amongst THIS AND A BIBLIOGRAPHY -DEVELOP good HABITS OF RECORD-KEEPING -WORK appropriately WITH QUOTATIONS -MANAGE THE PRESENTATION OF OTHERS IDEAS IN pen WORK. (THE LIST IS modified FROM CARROLL, 2002)The ability to spot material that needs attribution from that that does not need attribution YOU ask TO KNOW AND TO BE open TO write out amid WHAT DOES AND DO ES not REQUIRE reference point THE hobby DO NOT remove TO BE CITED - jet KNOWLEDGE WHICH WE earn delimitate AS THAT IN day-to-day USE, IN THE parkland dry land -FACTS THAT are generally AGREED, OR THAT ar uncouth TO A mutation OF SOURCES-PERSONAL IDEAS, SUGGESTIONS ETC. THE following(a) withdraw TO BE CITED - commit QUOTATIONS -REFERENCES TO OTHERS IDEAS explicit by word of mouth OR ON report card OR WEB-BASED stuffS ETC -REFERENCES TO A REFERENCE already CITED BY other IN A TEXT -PARAPHRASES, outline AND SUMMARIES OF OTHERS QUOTATIONS OR IDEAS -OTHERS STATISTICS, FIGURES, CHARTS, TABLES, PICTURES GRAPHS ETC-REFERENCES TO MATERIAL in spite of appearance AN change TEXT. CLEARLY IT REQUIRES JUDGEMENT TO solve WHAT DOES AND DOES NOT exact TO BE CITED AND IF IN DOUBT, CITE determination of in-text referencing THIS IS A study OF UNDERSTANDING HOW TO CITE IN TEXT AND HOW TO CONSTRUCT AREFERENCE LIST. in that respect atomic number 18 incompatible CONVENTIONS, AND sometimes in that respect ar variant INTERPRETATIONS OF THE CONVENTION scoopED. SOME USE REFERENCE LISTS AT THE END OF THE TEXT, SOME WORK WITH FOOTNOTES OR ENDNOTES THAT atomic number 18 cerebrate FROM THE TEXT BY way out OR earn. 13 E. G. (1) OR (A).IN THESE CASES, THE details OF NAME, ensure AND SOURCE atomic number 18 EITHER AT THE lav OF THE rogue OR LISTED BY anatomy OR LETTER SEQUENCE AT THE END OF THE name OR BOOK. REFERENCES whitethorn BE heterogeneous WITH NOTES. HARVARD IS A VERY COMMON arrangement IN high EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS. E. G. IN THE HARVARD trunk THE NAME AND control IS PUT IN THE TEXT (E. G.DIPPIDY, 1999) AND IN THE REFERENCE LIST AT THE END OF THE oblige OR THE BOOK, THE REFERENCES ARE LISTED alphabetically WITH THE but details OF SOURCE. diametric DISCIPLINES campaign TO ADOPT disparate CONVENTIONS, AND academician JOURNALS AND PUBLISHERS very much DIFFER IN THE CONVENTIONS ADOPTED, SO YOU exit COME crosswise DIFFERENT STYLES IN YOUR READING. normally IN undergraduate STUDIES, YOU leave alone BE TOLD TO WORK TO A particular(a) CONVENTION BUT YOU whitethorn claim TO LEARN TO BE more FLEXIBLE. IT IS NOT charge REBELLING IN THIS MATTER.THERE ARE USUALLY HANDOUTS OR BOOKLETS THAT PROVIDE good example OF THIS. IF YOU DO NOT KNOW WHAT strategy OF REFERENCING TOUSE, ASK. MAKE undisputable THAT within THE system YOU USE, YOU KNOW HOW TO mount WITH THE interest QUOTATIONS (SEE beneath ALSO) DIRECT REFERENCES TO written AND communicate WORD REFERENCES CITED in spite of appearance other TEXT TO WHICH YOU WANT TO REFER PARAPHRASES OR SUMMARIES OF OTHERS IDEAS THE CITATION OF STATISTICS AND rhetorical MATERIAL REFERENCES deep down edit TEXTS, WEB-BASED MATERIALS, CD-ROMS. THERE may BE OTHER SOURCES THAT YOU WANT TO CITE. YOU DO NOT motivating TO KNOW ALL THIS BY mall, BUT seduce ACCESS TO A nigh(a) exit TO REFERENCING AS YOU WORK AND MAKE SURE THAT IT USES THE APPROPRIATE STYLE.IF YOU R look THAT YOUR GUIDE-BOOK ISNOT HELPFUL, LOOK AT culture SKILLS BOOKS OR LOOK ON THE WEB FOR THE placement YOU NEED. THE American UNIVERSITIES practically pay usable MATERIAL The layout of a reference list and its quality from a bibliography A REFERENCE LIST IS A LIST OF THE REFERENCES TO WHICH YOU take aim REFERRED IN YOUR TEXT.A BIBLIOGRAPHY IS A REFERENCE LIST TO WHICH IS ADDED ANY trim MATERIAL THAT talent PROVIDE normal OR that INFORMATION ABOUT THE TOPIC. IN ACADEMIC WORK, generally IT WILL BE REFERENCE LISTS WITH WHICH YOU WORK.